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A prospective longitudinal design follows 93 OSCC patients with 186 specimens. High-resolution flow cytometry assesses DNA status for the primary tumor, cancerization field, and a control normal field; patients are monitored for recurrence and second primary tumors. Results show recurrence in 30% and SPT in 15%, with DNA aneuploidy and high SPF significantly associated.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-the-sudan-clinical-behavior-dna-ploidy-and-s-phase-fraction-characteristics/329563/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma-in-the-sudan-clinical-behavior-dna-ploidy-and-s-phase-fraction-characteristics/329563.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main goal of the study on OSCC in the Sudan?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To assess the clinicopathological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma and determine how DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction relate to clinical outcomes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were DNA ploidy and SPF measured in this research?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Using high-resolution flow cytometry, DNA analysis and SPF were performed for the primary tumor, the field of cancerization, and a control normal field.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What outcomes were monitored during follow-up?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Patients were followed clinically for the development of recurrence and second primary tumors (SPTs).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"Which findings linked DNA parameters to recurrence and SPTs?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Nodal metastasis, overall recurrence, and SPTs were significantly associated with DNA aneuploidy and high SPF, and high SPF with DNA hyperploidy increased local recurrence risk.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},329563,1790153524,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","Eltohami etal. BMCOral Health (2024) 24:1473 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05270-x](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05270-x)  \nBMC Oral Health  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nOral squamous cell carcinoma in the Sudan: clinical behavior, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction characteristics  \nYousif Eltohami 1*, Osama Eltayeb2 and Ahmed Suleiman 1  \nAbstract  \nBackground The DNA ploidy and the S phase fraction (SPF) are associated with advanced tumors progression. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) and the prognostication of the DNA ploidy and the SPF on its clinical outcomes.  \nMethods This a prospective longitudinal study of 93 OSCC patients (186 specimens) . Using high resolution flowcytometry, DNA analysis and SPF were performed for the primary tumor, field of cancerization and a control normal field. The patients were followed clinically for the development of recurrence or second primary tumor(SPT) . Results All the 93 patients are associated with wide field of cancerization. Out of the total number of cases, 28 (30%) patients developed recurrence. Of them 17 (18 . 3%) had regional recurrence, and eight (8 . 6%) had local recurrence. Second primary tumors were identified in 14 (15 . 1%) of the cases. Nodal metastasis, overall recurrence and SPTs were significantly associated with DNA aneuploidy and high SPF. High SPF and DNA hyperploidy showed a 28% increased risk of local recurrence (P.value = 0 . 032) .  \nConclusion In a series of 93 oral cancers who had wide field of cancerization, 30% of the patients developed recurrence, and 15% developed second primary tumors. The DNA ploidy and the SPF were independent prognosticators for the prediction of OSCC outcomes.  \nKeywords Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Wide field of cancerization, Recurrence, Second primary tumor, DNA ploidy, S phase fraction  \n*Correspondence: Yousif Eltohami [Yof88@hotmail.com](Yof88@hotmail.com)  \n1Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan  \n2Flowcytometry Center and Sudan University of Science & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan  \nIntroduction  \nCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide [1]. GLOBOCAN 2020 estimated that there were 19.3 million new cases of cancer and almost there were 10 million deaths from cancer in the year 2020, with 1.8% of deaths related to oral cancer [2]. In 2014; a report from the Sudan Cancer Registry showed oral cancer ranking as the sixth most common cancer in the country, and in 2017, Salah et al. reported that oral cancer in the Sudan was the seventh and eighth cancer, among males and females respectively [3]. Toombak is a local form of snuff, commonly used in Sudan, and well known as a risk factor  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/l](vecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.  \nEltohami et al. BMC Oral Health (2024) 24:1473  \nof OSCC in Sudan [4]. the product is rich with TobaccoSpecific N-nitrosamines, which a","cbCaifiatYVta0UB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifiatYVta0UB","pdf",1731173,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Epidemiology and risk factors in Sudan\n## Field alteration and second primary tumor criteria\n## Definitions: recurrence, DNA ploidy, aneuploidy, SPF","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of the study on OSCC in the Sudan?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the clinicopathological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma and determine how DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction relate to clinical outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How were DNA ploidy and SPF measured in this research?\",\"answer\":\"Using high-resolution flow cytometry, DNA analysis and SPF were performed for the primary tumor, the field of cancerization, and a control normal field.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcomes were monitored during follow-up?\",\"answer\":\"Patients were followed clinically for the development of recurrence and second primary tumors (SPTs).\"},{\"question\":\"Which findings linked DNA parameters to recurrence and SPTs?\",\"answer\":\"Nodal metastasis, overall recurrence, and SPTs were significantly associated with DNA aneuploidy and high SPF, and high SPF with DNA hyperploidy increased local recurrence risk.\"}]","Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Sudan: clinical behavior, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction characteristics | PDF",1789984572,25]