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Absorption spectra of key components—proteins, DNA, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, lipids, water, melanin, and lipofuscin—are combined through a weighted sum to match experimental μa(λ). Weights are estimated with least squares, assuming 77% total water content in both tissues. Results indicate cancer-related component shifts and support minimally invasive spectral cancer diagnosis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/optimized-reconstruction-of-the-absorption-spectra-of-kidney-tissues-from-the-spectra-of-tissue-components-using-the-least-squares-method/338752/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/optimized-reconstruction-of-the-absorption-spectra-of-kidney-tissues-from-the-spectra-of-tissue-components-using-the-least-squares-method/338752.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the method reconstruct in kidney tissues?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It reconstructs the broadband absorption coefficient spectra (μa[λ]) for healthy and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma kidney tissues.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are tissue component absorption spectra combined?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Component spectra for proteins, DNA, hemoglobin (oxygenated and deoxygenated), lipids, water, melanin, and lipofuscin are combined using a weighted sum.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are the weights for the reconstruction determined and what assumption is used?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Weights are estimated using the least squares method, assuming a total water content of 77% in both kidney tissues.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},338752,1790433920,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300466  \nRESE ARCH ARTICL E  \nOptimized reconstruction of the absorption spectra of kidney tissues from the spectra of tissue components using the least squares method  \nMaria R. Pinheiro 1,2  | Luís E. Fernandes 1,2 | Isa C. Carneiro 3,4 | Snia D. Carvalho 3,5 | Rui M. Henrique 3,6 | Valery V. Tuchin 7,8,9  | Hélder P. Oliveira 1,10 | Luís M. Oliveira 1,11   \n1Telecommunications and Multimedia Center (CTM), Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal  \n2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Porto University, Porto, Portugal  \n3Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal 4Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, Polytechnic of Porto – School of Health (ESS), Porto, Portugal 5Department of Pathology, Santa Luzia Hospital (ULSAM), Viana do Castelo, Portugal  \n6Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto University, Porto, Portugal 7Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia  \n8A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, RC “Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Moscow, Russia 9Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 10Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Porto University, Porto, Portugal  \n11Physics Department, Polytechnic of Porto – School of Engineering (ISEP), Porto, Portugal  \nCorrespondence  \nMaria R. Pinheiro, Telecommunications and Multimedia Center (CTM), Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. [Email:](Email: maria.r.pinheiro@inesctec.pt)[ maria.r.pinheiro@inesctec.pt](Email: maria.r.pinheiro@inesctec.pt)  \nFunding information  \nRussian Science Foundation,  \nGrant/Award Number: 23-14-00287; Fundaço para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Grant/Award Numbers: LA/P/0063/2020, UIDB/50014/2020, UIDP/50014/2020, 2023.01931.BD, 2022.13862.BD  \nAbstract  \nWith the objective of developing new methods to acquire diagnostic information, the reconstruction of the broadband absorption coefficient spectra (μa [λ]) of healthy and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma kidney tissues was performed. By performing a weighted sum of the absorption spectra of proteins, DNA, oxygenated, and deoxygenated hemoglobin, lipids, water, melanin, and lipofuscin, it was possible to obtain a good match of the experimental μa(λ) of both kidney conditions. The weights used in those reconstructions were estimated using the least squares method, and assuming a total water content of 77% in both kidney tissues, it was possible to calculate the concentrations of the other tissue components. It has been shown that with the development of cancer, the concentrations of proteins, DNA, oxygenated  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Biophotonics published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.  \nhemoglobin, lipids, and lipofuscin increase, and the concentration of melanin decreases. Future studies based on minimally invasive spectral measurements will allow cancer diagnosis using the proposed approach.  \nKEYWOR DS  \nabsorption spectrum reconstruction, kidney absorption spectra, quantification of components contents, spectral diagnostic information, tissue component identification  \n1 | INTRODUCTION  \nThe urinary system has the crucial functions of regulating, filtering, and excreting toxins, metabolic waste products, and even excess of ions that circulate in the bloodstream [1] . The kidney is one of the most important organs of the urinary system and several pathologies are associated with this organ [2, 3] . Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is thought to arise","cbCaiggINRVuKDBT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiggINRVuKDBT","pdf",2712977,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Urinary system and kidney pathology\n## Renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe subtype\n## Current diagnostic pathways and biopsy limitations\n## Optical techniques for in vivo cancer diagnosis","[{\"question\":\"What does the method reconstruct in kidney tissues?\",\"answer\":\"It reconstructs the broadband absorption coefficient spectra (μa[λ]) for healthy and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma kidney tissues.\"},{\"question\":\"How are tissue component absorption spectra combined?\",\"answer\":\"Component spectra for proteins, DNA, hemoglobin (oxygenated and deoxygenated), lipids, water, melanin, and lipofuscin are combined using a weighted sum.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the weights for the reconstruction determined and what assumption is used?\",\"answer\":\"Weights are estimated using the least squares method, assuming a total water content of 77% in both kidney tissues.\"}]","Optimized reconstruction of the absorption spectra of kidney tissues from the spectra of tissue components using the least squares method | PDF",1790025453,25]