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The placement and prohibition choices are modeled as a bilevel programming problem, solved via an iterative heuristic validated on Nevada network instances. Results show hybrid/multi-measure strategies outperform WIM-only approaches.",{"@graph":14,"@context":71},[15,34,54],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/optimally-locating-weigh-in-motion-stations-and-truck-prohibited-roads-for-mitigating-the-impact-of-overweight-trucks/618511/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":48,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":49,"interactionStatistic":50},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/optimally-locating-weigh-in-motion-stations-and-truck-prohibited-roads-for-mitigating-the-impact-of-overweight-trucks/618511.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Mimi","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19",true,{"@type":51,"interactionType":52,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":53},"ViewAction",{"@type":55,"mainEntity":56},"FAQPage",[57,63,67],{"name":58,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":60},"Why are weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations effective yet difficult to deploy widely?","Question",{"text":61,"@type":62},"WIM stations can effectively monitor and support enforcement of truck weight regulations, but they are expensive to deploy and require significant capital investment.","Answer",{"name":64,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":65},"How does the proposed approach combine WIM stations with other measures?",{"text":66,"@type":62},"The study integrates WIM stations with truck-prohibited roads, allowing authorities to reduce the impact of overloaded trucks on highway pavements and bridges using both enforcement types.",{"name":68,"@type":59,"acceptedAnswer":69},"What mathematical structure is used to optimize station and road selections?",{"text":70,"@type":62},"The problem of optimally locating WIM stations and truck-prohibited roads is formulated as a bilevel programming model with upper- and lower-level decision processes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":73,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":75,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":77,"site_id":7},618511,1792448791,{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":81},"success",[82,86,90,94,99,104,109,113,118,121,125],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":83,"show_sort_weight":84,"slug":85},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":87,"show_sort_weight":88,"slug":89},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":91,"show_sort_weight":92,"slug":93},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":95,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":100,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},8,30,"research-report",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":120},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":124},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":128},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":80,"data":130},{"doc_id":77,"user_id":131,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":110,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":78,"read_time":143},2336477974920,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Copyright ASCE; all rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial intelligence or similar technologies .  \nOptimally Locating Weigh-in-Motion Stations and Truck-Prohibited Roads for Mitigating the Impact of  \nOverweight Trucks  \nChung-Cheng Lu 1 ; Shangyao Yan2 ; and Tzu-Hao Chen 3  \nAbstract: Weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations are effective but expensive tools for the monitoring and enforcement of truck weight regulations. Faced with the increasing challenges of maintaining highways with ever shrinking financial resources, traffic authorities may need to couple WIM stations with other cost-effective measures for regulating truck weights. This study explores the idea of integrating WIM stations and truck-prohibited roads to reduce the impact of overloaded trucks on highway pavements and bridges. The problem of optimally locating WIM stations and truck-prohibited roads is formulated as a bilevel programming model. The upper-level model mimics the decision-making behavior of the traffic authority, whose aim is to determine the optimal locations for the deployment of WIM stations and the selection of truck-prohibited roads so as to minimize the total cost while considering route choices of overweight trucks. The lower-level models are used to determine the least cost paths for the overweight trucks of different origin–destination (OD) pairs in response to the authority’s decisions in the upper-level model. A heuristic that iteratively solves the upper-level and the lower-level models is developed to efficiently solve the bilevel model, which is characterized as NP-hard. The proposed model and heuristic were evaluated using test instances generated based on the Nevada road network. The results demonstrate the advantage of using hybrid or multiple enforcement measures to prevent damage to the road network by overweight trucks in comparison with the traditional WIM-only approach. DOI: 10.1061/JTEPBS.TEENG-7474. © 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.  \nAuthor keywords: Truck weight regulation; Weigh-in-motion (WIM); Truck-prohibited road; Bilevel model.  \nIntroduction  \nBackground and Motivation  \nHighway authorities around the world invest a significant amount of their annual budget in maintaining the pavement and bridges in highway systems. For instance, the National Freeway Bureau in Taiwan allocates more than 80 million USD each year to repair and maintain the pavement on national highways. Overloaded trucks increase not only the risk of traffic accidents but also damage to the pavement and bridges on highways, so it is necessary to ensure their compliance with weight regulations (e.g., Dey et al. 2014 ; Forkenbrock 1999; Jacon and Beaumelle 2010 ; TRB and National Research Council 1990) .  \nSubstantial protection for highway infrastructure can be derived from a multifaceted truck weight monitoring and control program, with truck weigh stations being a key component of the program. Traditional static weigh scales, permanently mounted at fixed  \n1Professor, Dept. of Transportation and Logistics Management, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ., 1001 Da-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. ORCID: [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-4193. Email:](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-4193. Email:)[ ](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-4193. Email:)[jasoncclu@nycu.edu.tw](jasoncclu@nycu.edu.tw)  \n2Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Central Univ., 300 Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan (corresponding author) . Email: [t320002@cc.ncu.edu.tw](t320002@cc.ncu.edu.tw)  \n3Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Central Univ., 300 Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan. Email: [chenhoward0401@gmail.com](chenhoward0401@gmail.com)  \nNote. This manuscript was submitted on April 7, 2022; approved on September 14, 2022; published online on November 14, 2022 . Discussion period open until April 14, 2023; separate discussions must be submitted for individual pape","cbCaiio6XhSi993X","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiio6XhSi993X","pdf",457790,11,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background and Motivation","[{\"question\":\"Why are weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations effective yet difficult to deploy widely?\",\"answer\":\"WIM stations can effectively monitor and support enforcement of truck weight regulations, but they are expensive to deploy and require significant capital investment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed approach combine WIM stations with other measures?\",\"answer\":\"The study integrates WIM stations with truck-prohibited roads, allowing authorities to reduce the impact of overloaded trucks on highway pavements and bridges using both enforcement types.\"},{\"question\":\"What mathematical structure is used to optimize station and road selections?\",\"answer\":\"The problem of optimally locating WIM stations and truck-prohibited roads is formulated as a bilevel programming model with upper- and lower-level decision processes.\"}]","Optimally Locating Weigh-in-Motion Stations and Truck-Prohibited Roads for Mitigating the Impact of Overweight Trucks | PDF",28]