[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-354030-105":59,"doc-detail-354030-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","optical-spectral-fingerprinting-enables-sensitive-detection-of-anthracycline-chemotherapeutics-in-synthetic-clinical-biofluids","Optical Spectral Fingerprinting Enables Sensitive Detection of Anthracycline Chemotherapeutics in Synthetic Clinical Biofluids","","Anthracycline chemotherapeutics are widely used frontline cancer treatments but often cause serious dose-related side effects, especially cardiotoxicity, along with myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity. Current clinical management relies largely on a lifetime dosage limit and cannot determine an individual patient’s actual tumor or organ exposure. Here, an optical nanosensor array using near-infrared fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes was engineered and combined with machine learning to classify anthracycline type and concentration, achieving 100% accuracy at high levels and validating performance in synthetic urine and sweat.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/optical-spectral-fingerprinting-enables-sensitive-detection-of-anthracycline-chemotherapeutics-in-synthetic-clinical-biofluids/354030/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/optical-spectral-fingerprinting-enables-sensitive-detection-of-anthracycline-chemotherapeutics-in-synthetic-clinical-biofluids/354030.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Taylor Morgan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is monitoring anthracycline exposure clinically important?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Anthracyclines cause major side effects, particularly cardiotoxicity, and current management is limited by lifetime dosage limits. Precise exposure monitoring could help optimize efficacy while minimizing adverse events.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the proposed sensor detect anthracyclines?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The method uses single-walled carbon nanotubes as a signal transducer, leveraging their tunable near-infrared fluorescence. A nanosensor array screens multiple ssDNA sequences and SWCNT species to produce spectral responses.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What modeling approach was used to identify anthracycline type and concentration?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Spectral responses were used to build machine learning classification models. An extreme gradient boosting model classified high levels with 100% accuracy, and PCA enabled concentration-based separation into low and high ranges.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},354030,1790195370,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099523885336,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","bioRxiv preprint doi: [https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.08.717324](https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.08.717324); this version posted April 11, 2026. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made  \navailable under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.  \nOptical Spectral Fingerprinting Enables Sensitive Detection of Anthracycline Chemotherapeutics in Synthetic Clinical Biofluids  \nAtara R. Israel 1,4 \\#, Yunjung Kim2,3 \\# , Adnan Arnaout 1,4 , Myesha Thahsin 1 , Yumna Ahmed 1 , Zachary Cohen 1 , Amelia Ryan 1 , Syeda Rahman 1 , Mijin Kim*2 , Ryan M. Williams* 1,4  \n1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA  \n2School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  \n3 Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea  \n4 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY  \n\\#These authors equally contributed to the work.  \n*Co-corresponding authors: [Mkim445@gatech.edu](Mkim445@gatech.edu)[ ](Mkim445@gatech.edu)[Ryan.williams@stonybrookmedicine.edu](Ryan.williams@stonybrookmedicine.edu)  \nAbstract  \nAnthracycline chemotherapeutics are commonly used as frontline treatments for a wide array of cancers. However, their administration to patients results in substantial side effects, primarily cardiotoxicity, as well as myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity. Current clinical management of such side effects is solely based on a lifetime dosage limit , which inhibits their anti-tumor efficacy. Many individualized factors, including age, family history of cardiovascular disease , treatment regimen, and other co-morbidities influence drug pharmacology. Despite this heterogeneity, there is no method for determining actual organ or tumor exposure to the treatment in an individual. Here, we developed an optical nanosensor array for four anthracyclines—doxorubicin , daunorubicin, epirubicin , and idarubicin. We used single-walled carbon nanotubes as the signal transducer due to their tunable near-infrared fluorescence. We screened twelve distinct ssDNA sequences paired with seven SWCNT (n,m) species at increasing concentrations of each of the four anthracyclines. The spectral responses were then used to develop machine learning-based classification models to identify different anthracycline types and concentrations. The optimized extreme gradient boosting model was able to classify high levels of each anthracycline with 100% accuracy. Concentration-based classification by PCA was performed for each anthracycline, distinguishing low (≤ 5 µM) and high (> 5 µM) concentrations. Finally, we validated the sensor performance using synthetic urine and sweat. Our findings demonstrate the potential of carbon nanotube-based sensor array to measure the pharmacokinetics of anthracyclines in patients with the goal of enhancing anti-tumor efficacy and monitoring off-target toxicities.  \nKeywords: Doxorubicin, single-walled carbon nanotubes , SWCNT, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence , cardiotoxicity, machine learning  \nbioRxiv preprint doi: [https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.08.717324](https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.04.08.717324); this version posted April 11, 2026. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made  \navailable under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.  \nIntroduction  \nAnthracyclines are a potent class of chemotherapeutics derived from bacteria and widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, certain sarcomas, and leukemia/lymphomas 1-7. Anthracyclines exhibit toxicity to both cancerous and healthy cells in several ways, including DNA intercalation, topoisomerase IIβ inhibition8-10 , and cardiolipin antagonism 11. Des","cbCaiuquT6dRPJvY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuquT6dRPJvY","pdf",1653037,22,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is monitoring anthracycline exposure clinically important?\",\"answer\":\"Anthracyclines cause major side effects, particularly cardiotoxicity, and current management is limited by lifetime dosage limits. Precise exposure monitoring could help optimize efficacy while minimizing adverse events.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed sensor detect anthracyclines?\",\"answer\":\"The method uses single-walled carbon nanotubes as a signal transducer, leveraging their tunable near-infrared fluorescence. A nanosensor array screens multiple ssDNA sequences and SWCNT species to produce spectral responses.\"},{\"question\":\"What modeling approach was used to identify anthracycline type and concentration?\",\"answer\":\"Spectral responses were used to build machine learning classification models. An extreme gradient boosting model classified high levels with 100% accuracy, and PCA enabled concentration-based separation into low and high ranges.\"}]","Optical Spectral Fingerprinting Enables Sensitive Detection of Anthracycline Chemotherapeutics in Synthetic Clinical Biofluids | PDF",1790108529,55]