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Kelsey Dreier  \nTHE ETS CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON HUMAN CAPITAL AND EDUCATION  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nPreface .......................................................................................................... 1  \nAcknowledgments ................................................................................ 2  \nIntroduction .................................................................................................. 3  \nApproach....................................................................................................... 3  \nWell-Being ..................................................................................................... 6  \nHuman Capital ............................................................................................. 8  \nSocial Capital .............................................................................................. 10  \nA Complex Relationship: Human Capital, Social Capital and Well-Being ................................................................................................... 13  \nDiscussion ................................................................................................... 16  \nAppendices ................................................................................................. 17  \nAppendix A: Indicator Selection and Sources ................................. 17  \nAppendix B: Methodology ................................................................. 23  \nAppendix C: Indicators by Domain (Raw Data) ............................... 25  \nAppendix D: Regression Results for Skills vs. Educational Attainment to Well-Being .................................................................. 30  \nAppendix E: Principal Component Analysis for Social Capital ...... 31  \nAppendix F: Regression Results for Components of Social Capital .................................................................................................. 33  \nAppendix G: Regression Results for Human Capital, Social Capital, and Well-Being .................................................................................... 34  \nState Date Briefs ........................................................................................ 35  \nAbout the Authors  \nThis report was written by:  \nAnita Sands Madeline Goodman Irwin Kirsch Kelsey Dreier  \nThe views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the officers and trustees of Educational Testing Service.  \nCopyright © 2021 by ETS. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of ETS. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.  \nNovember 2021  \nETS Center for Research on Human Capital and Education  \nResearch and Development Educational Testing Service Rosedale Road  \nPrinceton, NJ 08541-0001  \nSuggested citation:  \nAnita Sands, Madeline Goodman, Irwin Kirsch, and Kelsey Dreier, Opportunity Across the States. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 2021.  \nPREFACE  \nThe Merriam-Webster dictionary defines opportunity as both \"a favorable juncture of circumstances\" and \"a good chance for advancement or progress.\" We know that opportunities exist, but we also need to recognize that they vary greatly among individuals, families, states, and regions of the country. We know also that thereis no single factor, simple answer, or secret formula that on its own can level the increasingly unlevel playing field when it comes to opportunity in the United States. Certainly, globalization and technological innovation will continue to accelerate, and both are having a significant impact on the nature of work and our everyday lives. Yet the landscape of opportunity today is not simply the result of these forces. The unequal nature of opportunity in America has been strongly impacted by a range of choices made over time by policy makers and key sta","cbCaiuURvhgynfCT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuURvhgynfCT","pdf",4318475,343,"English","# Preface\n# Introduction\n# Approach\n# Well-Being\n# Human Capital\n# Social Capital\n# Discussion\n# Appendices","[{\"question\":\"What is the central framework used to explain opportunity in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report argues that opportunity is shaped by interconnected forces operating over many years, guided by a framework linking human capital and social capital to life outcomes and well-being.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report measure human capital and social capital across states?\",\"answer\":\"Human capital is quantified using adult skill estimates, along with student skills and educational attainment data. Social capital is measured using indicators capturing civic and community engagement and trust.\"},{\"question\":\"What does “well-being” include in this report’s state-level analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Well-being relies on key state-level measures of income/poverty, employment, health, and safety.\"}]","Opportunity Across the States | PDF",1792048242,864]