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The document highlights three dominant legislative directions: reducing student textbook costs by ending fee practices and promoting open textbooks, providing broader access through requirements for electronic accessibility and remote-learning readiness, and creating new OER via pilot programs and targeted curriculum initiatives across multiple states.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/open-educational-resources-state-policies-practices-june-2022/586828/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/open-educational-resources-state-policies-practices-june-2022/586828.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What key historical milestones does the document cite for the OER movement?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It notes Hewlett Foundation grants beginning in 2001, the creation of Creative Commons that same year, and UNESCO-related naming in 2002. It also describes later mainstreaming, including U.S. Department of Education requirements by 2015.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the document describe 2022 OER legislation aimed at reducing costs?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It explains that proposed bills focus on making textbooks more affordable by ending textbook fees and reducing or eliminating textbook costs at the post-secondary level. Some bills explicitly reference open resources and open textbooks.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What legislative actions does the document highlight for improving access to learning materials?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It highlights efforts to ensure electronic accessibility for resources adopted after 2024 and to support remote instruction. 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The following year, in 2002, the name Open Educational Resources was established at a meeting of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) .  \nDuring these early years, the Hewlett Foundation also provided funding to  \ndevelop the OER Commons at the Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education (ISKME) . Throughout this period, the Hewlett Foundation continued to fund work designed to “equalize access to knowledge by making high-quality educational materials and opportunities more broadly available.”  \nThe OER movement inched closer to the mainstream in the years that followed, and by 2015 the U.S. Department of Education began requiring each of its competitive grant recipients to openly license resources created with grant funds. That same year, the number of content pieces licensed by Creative Commons surpassed 1 billion. The following year saw the launch of a \\#GoOpen initiative with commitments from 13 states to transition some courses from textbook content to OER. The 2017 National Education Technology Plan defined Open Educational Resources as “teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under a license that permits their free use, reuse, modification, and sharing with others.”  \nOPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES-STATE POLICIES & PRACTICES  \nCURRENT LEGISLATIVE TRENDS  \nIn many ways, 2022 trends in OER legislation mirror larger trends in education and national politics. As our economy continues to tighten school budgets, it is natural that“free” resources are gaining prominence. Lawmakers, often starting at the post-  \nsecondary level, are incentivizing the use of public domain texts and other no-cost alternatives to lower college expenses. We have also seen a nationwide push for communities and parents to have more say, or at least visibility into, a school’s curriculum. While many of the bills that follow are still in consideration or discussion, and some of them have been defeated or drastically revised, their initial intent highlights three trends relative to OER.  \nREDUCE COST  \nThe biggest OER-related trend in proposed legislation in 2022 was states pushing for more affordable textbooks for students. Utah and Indiana are two of the few remaining states who charged textbook fees to families. This year both introduced legislation that would end that practice. In Indiana, HB1216 would require “each public school to provide  \nNebraska educators are working this summer to build new social studies resources and new world language resources. They have also  \ndeveloped an officiating course that will soon be added to their hub in hopes of inspiring high school students to help meet the need for officials for youth sports. Nebraska CTE  \nteachers have also developed a middle school career education course and will be adding those lessons to the hub this month.  \ncurricular materials at no cost to each student.” And for Utah, HB211 suggested that schools would not charge for textbooks or “maintenance costs of school equipment.” At  \nthe post-secondary level, there were several bills (Illinois SB3856, Tennessee SB1019, Louisiana HB499) written in an attempt to reduce or eliminate textbook costs. Two of these specifically call out open resources in their directives. Minnesota (SF1599) would expand the use of O","cbCairiGeAIvPDEc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairiGeAIvPDEc","pdf",923558,"English","# Background\n# Open Educational Resources - State Policies & Practices\n## Current Legislative Trends\n## Reduce Cost\n## Provide Access\n## Create Resources","[{\"question\":\"What key historical milestones does the document cite for the OER movement?\",\"answer\":\"It notes Hewlett Foundation grants beginning in 2001, the creation of Creative Commons that same year, and UNESCO-related naming in 2002. It also describes later mainstreaming, including U.S. Department of Education requirements by 2015.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document describe 2022 OER legislation aimed at reducing costs?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that proposed bills focus on making textbooks more affordable by ending textbook fees and reducing or eliminating textbook costs at the post-secondary level. Some bills explicitly reference open resources and open textbooks.\"},{\"question\":\"What legislative actions does the document highlight for improving access to learning materials?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights efforts to ensure electronic accessibility for resources adopted after 2024 and to support remote instruction. It also mentions measures such as remote learning drills and links to open-source instructional materials on school websites.\"}]","Open Educational Resources - State Policies & Practices - June 2022 | PDF",1792059531,13]