[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-582780-105":59,"doc-detail-582780-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","open-educational-resources-becoming-mainstream-research-brief","Open Educational Resources: Becoming Mainstream - Research Brief","","Bay View Analytics tracks awareness, adoption, use, and attitudes toward open educational resources (OER) in U.S. higher education since 2009. Executive findings show major growth in OER awareness and substantial increases in classroom use, though nearly half of faculty still remain unaware. OpenStax emerges as a viable alternative to commercial publishers, while faculty rate OER higher for quality than commercial options.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/open-educational-resources-becoming-mainstream-research-brief/582780/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/open-educational-resources-becoming-mainstream-research-brief/582780.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mia  ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-15","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How has OER awareness changed among U.S. higher education faculty since 2009?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Awareness rose from almost nonexistent in 2009 to 57% in 2022 for faculty who are somewhat aware, aware, or very aware. Even so, nearly one-half of faculty remain unaware of OER.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does OER use in courses look like, and how has it grown over time?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Faculty-reported OER use was too low to measure reliably until 2016. Use quadrupled from 5% in 2016 to 22% in 2022 for OER used as required course materials.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is OER adoption not proportional to awareness?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Results indicate many faculty have heard of OER, but most are not using OER materials in teaching. The gap persists despite increasing awareness each year.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},582780,1792062361,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},687207024478,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Research Brief:  \nOpen Educa+onal Resources: Becoming Mainstream  \nJulia E. Seman and Jeff Seaman  \n01000100011010010110011101101001011101000110000101101100001000  \n0001000110011000010110001101110101011011000111010001111001 /  \n01000100011010010110011101101001011101000110000101101100001000  \n0001000110011000010110001101110101011011000111010001111001  \nResearch Brief  \nOpen Educational Resources: Becoming Mainstream  \nJulia E. Seaman, Ph. D.  \nResearch Director, Bay View Analytics  \nJeff Seaman, Ph. D.  \nDirector, Bay View Analytics  \n2022  \nExecutive Summary  \nBay View Analytics has been tracking awareness, adoption, use, and attitudes toward open educational resources in U.S. Higher Education since 2009. A lot has changed.  \n􀂥 OER Awareness amongst US. Higher Education faculty and administrators went from almost nonexistent in 2009, to 57%“Somewhat Aware,”“Aware,” or “Very Aware” in 2022  \n􀂥 The number of respondents who use OER materials as required courseware lags behind the metric for OER Awareness, but these levels also grew year over year  \n􀂥 OpenStax has become a viable alternative to commercial publishers  \n􀂥 Faculty give OER materials higher marks for quality than they do for commercial alternatives  \nAwareness  \nThe level of open educational resources (OER) awareness in 2009 was almost nonexistent. We could safely conclude that it was “very, very low,” but not exactly how low. A major issue was that faculty could not reliably report on their own awareness. There was so much confusion about the words and term, especially “open.” We found that faculty and administrators often confused OER with “free,”“open source,” or independently created materials.  \nOur first reliable measure of the level of OER awareness among faculty was in 2015. Even here, however, there remained confusion about the terms for a single awareness question. To create a reliable metric, we implemented a stricter measure that required a combined understanding of licensing terms as well as the term “open educational resources.” In 2015 , 17% of faculty were “aware” or “very aware” of OER using this strict measure.  \nOpen Educational Resources: Becoming Mainstream  \nOur surveys have shown increasing levels of OER awareness every year. The most current data (2022) show 46% of faculty “Aware” or“Very aware,” with another 11% saying that they are “Somewhat Aware,” which typically means they have heard the term but don’t know anything else about it. While the latest data represents a massive improvement, it still means that nearly one-half of faculty remain unaware of OER.  \nFaculty: OER Awareness (Strict) by Year  \n2015  \n2016  \n2017  \n2018  \n2019  \n2020  \n2022  \n\n| 5% 1\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>6% | 2%\u003Cbr>16% | 10%\u003Cbr>12% | 2%\u003Cbr>11%\u003Cbr>13%\u003Cbr>23% | 13% | 11% |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>8%\u003Cbr>12%\u003Cbr>14%\u003Cbr>16% | 17%\u003Cbr>16\u003Cbr>23% | 1\u003Cbr>%\u003Cbr>17%\u003Cbr>21% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n\n0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%  \n I am very aware of OER and know how they can be used in the classroom  \n I am aware of OER and some of their use cases  \n I am somewhat aware of OER but I am not sure how they can be used  \nOpen Educational Resources: Becoming Mainstream  \nUse  \nWhile important, awareness of OER does not necessarily mean faculty are using it in classrooms. Much like the pattern we saw for OER awareness, the level of use of OER in 2009 was too low to be reliably measured. It wasn’t until 2016 that we felt sufficient confidence in a measure of faculty-reported OER use to publish the results. At that point, 5% of faculty said they were using OER in their courses as required materials. That figure has quadrupled to 22% in 2022.  \nFaculty: Use of OER Materials in Courses by Year  \n2016  \n2017  \n2018  \n2019  \n2020  \n2022  \n0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%  \nThe results show substantial growth in OER adoption in only a few years. Interestingly, the use of OER as a required material is almost identical ","cbCaicvqlX4KJuzY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicvqlX4KJuzY","pdf",354638,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Awareness\n## Use\n## Availability\n## Quality","[{\"question\":\"How has OER awareness changed among U.S. higher education faculty since 2009?\",\"answer\":\"Awareness rose from almost nonexistent in 2009 to 57% in 2022 for faculty who are somewhat aware, aware, or very aware. Even so, nearly one-half of faculty remain unaware of OER.\"},{\"question\":\"What does OER use in courses look like, and how has it grown over time?\",\"answer\":\"Faculty-reported OER use was too low to measure reliably until 2016. Use quadrupled from 5% in 2016 to 22% in 2022 for OER used as required course materials.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is OER adoption not proportional to awareness?\",\"answer\":\"Results indicate many faculty have heard of OER, but most are not using OER materials in teaching. The gap persists despite increasing awareness each year.\"}]","Open Educational Resources: Becoming Mainstream - Research Brief | PDF",1792044465]