[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-595202-105":59,"doc-detail-595202-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","ontario-special-education-funding-how-is-it-determined","Ontario Special Education Funding - How Is It Determined?","","Ontario’s special education grant rose from $1.6 billion in 2002–2003 to $3.2 billion in 2020–2021, about 12.5% of total education funding. While equity and inclusion arguments call for further increases, students with exceptionalities face risks of lower achievement. This study analyzes how the grant for Ontario elementary and secondary students with exceptionalities is determined using document review and communication with the Ontario Ministry of Education.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ontario-special-education-funding-how-is-it-determined/595202/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ontario-special-education-funding-how-is-it-determined/595202.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Bulrr","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How is Ontario’s special education funding allocated under the GSN funding formula?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Ontario provides operating funding to district school boards through the annual Grants for Student Needs (GSN), where entitlements are generated on a per-pupil, per-school, and per-board basis depending on grant structure.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What are the two major components of the GSN mentioned in the article?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The article describes (a) Foundation Grants for common educational costs allocated by enrolment and number of schools, and (b) Special Purpose Grants for unique needs related to location, student/school needs, and board demographics.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"On what basis does the article say the special education grant is determined?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Findings indicate the grant increases almost annually through mechanisms spanning six components: three largely determined by total enrolment and three determined by claimed cases for different exceptionalities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595202,1792170978,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},5909892115043,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Ontario Special Education Funding: How Is It Determined?  \nA journal of educational research and practice 2023 Vol. 32 (1) 83−98  \n[https://journals.library.brocku.ca/brocked](https://journals.library.brocku.ca/brocked)  \nXiaobin Li*  \nBrock University  \nAbstract  \nOntario’s special education grant increased from $1.6 billion in 2002-2003 to $3.2 billion in 2020-2021 , representing approximately 12.5 % of the overall education funding. Although demands to increase special education funding continue from an equity and inclusion standpoint, students with exceptionalities are at risk of lower achievement. This study thus examined how the special education grant for elementary and secondary students with exceptionalities in Ontario is determined , primarily through document analysis as well as the author’s communication with the Ontario Ministry of Education for information not available through open documents. A review of funding information since 1998 reveals that the special education grant increases almost annually based on a variety of mechanisms encompassing six components , three of which are determined predominantly by total enrolment and three determined by claimed cases for different exceptionalities. Findings help explain how the special education grant is determined , thus informing discussion on policies regarding funding for students with exceptionalities.  \nKeywords: special education, funding, inclusion, equity, Ontario  \n* [xli@brocku.ca](xli@brocku.ca)  \nIntroduction  \nThis article examines how the special education funding allocation for elementary and secondary school students with exceptionalities in Ontario is determined. Ontario provides its district school boards with operating funding, including special education funding, through the annual legislation called Grants for Student Needs (GSN) (Ontario Ministry of Education [OME], 2021 b), also known as the “funding formula.” The provincial government sets a uniform education tax rate, based on a current-value assessment system, for all residential properties. Property tax revenue provides a part of the overall education funding, and the government provides additional funding up to the level set by the funding formula (OME , 2019c) . In 2020- 2021 the provincial government provided approximately 70% of the education funding and 30% was from local property tax (T. Dias, Team Lead, Funding, Special Education/Success for All Branch, OME , personal communication, March 16, 2021) . The funding formula supports all students, including those with special needs. Funding entitlements for school boards are generated on a per-pupil, per-school, and per-board basis depending on the structure of each grant within the GSN regulation. The GSN has two major components: (a) Foundation Grants , which cover the basic costs of an educational experience that is common to all students, allocated based on student enrolment and the number of schools; and (b) Special Purpose Grants, which address the unique needs of students, schools, and school boards related to location, student and school needs, and a board’s demographic profile (OME, 2019c) .  \nThe special education grant increased from $1.6 billion in 2002-2003 to almost $3.2 billion in 2020-2021 (representing a 94% increase) , while the overall number of students with exceptionalities in Ontario decreased 76,096, a decrease of almost 4%(OME, 2003, 2020) . Atthe same time , the consumer price index in Ontario increased 37% from 2002 to 2020 (Statistics Canada, 2022) . The special education grant has been increasing over the last two decades as the overall education funding also increased. More funding is provided to support students with exceptionalities, and determining this funding becomes more complex.  \nIn 2020-2021 the special education grant for elementary and secondary students was approximately 12. 5% of the overall education funding which, next to the pupil foundation grant, was the second largest grant (OME, 2020) . In ","cbCaivlOEFqIbhOp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivlOEFqIbhOp","pdf",141919,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Grants for Student Needs (GSN) and the funding formula\n## Foundation Grants vs. Special Purpose Grants\n## Trends in special education funding and enrollment\n## Policy needs and rationale for determining grant adequacy","[{\"question\":\"How is Ontario’s special education funding allocated under the GSN funding formula?\",\"answer\":\"Ontario provides operating funding to district school boards through the annual Grants for Student Needs (GSN), where entitlements are generated on a per-pupil, per-school, and per-board basis depending on grant structure.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the two major components of the GSN mentioned in the article?\",\"answer\":\"The article describes (a) Foundation Grants for common educational costs allocated by enrolment and number of schools, and (b) Special Purpose Grants for unique needs related to location, student/school needs, and board demographics.\"},{\"question\":\"On what basis does the article say the special education grant is determined?\",\"answer\":\"Findings indicate the grant increases almost annually through mechanisms spanning six components: three largely determined by total enrolment and three determined by claimed cases for different exceptionalities.\"}]","Ontario Special Education Funding - How Is It Determined? | PDF",1792080624]