[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-600922-105":59,"doc-detail-600922-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","online-translator-usage-in-foreign-language-writing-abstract","Online Translator Usage in Foreign Language Writing - Abstract","","With expanding technology in foreign language education, online translation (OT) sites are widely restricted for classwork due to ethical and pedagogical concerns. A study examining OT use found that teacher raters could identify OT-supported compositions to a statistically significant degree, yet some uses went undetected and others were wrongly suspected. Results inform language instruction, highlighting that OT-assisted writing cannot always be reliably distinguished, motivating instructors and institutions to reconsider classroom practices and academic-sanction policies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/online-translator-usage-in-foreign-language-writing-abstract/600922/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/online-translator-usage-in-foreign-language-writing-abstract/600922.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"mieayamfan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are online translation (OT) sites prohibited for classwork in foreign language courses?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They raise ethical and pedagogical concerns, particularly around academic honesty and whether students are doing their own work.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How well can teacher raters detect OT use in student compositions?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Teacher raters could identify OT use to a statistically significant level, but some cases were missed and some compositions were incorrectly suspected.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What concerns does the literature raise about OT for language learning?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The literature links OT to lexical, grammatical, and syntactic errors, and suggests it may hinder acquisition, waste instructional time, and encourage inappropriate translation practices.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600922,1792447848,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","6  \nOnline Translator Usage in Foreign Language Writing  \nErrol M. O’Neill  \nUniversity of Memphis  \nAbstract  \nWith the increasing availability of technology, one issue that has arisen in foreign language education is the use of online translation (OT) sites that claim to convert text from one language to another but are generally prohibited for classwork due to ethical and pedagogical concerns. In a study to explore the effects of OT usage, teacher raters were able to determine, to a statistically significant level, on which compositions OT was used; there were, however, a number of cases for which OT use went undetected and some instances it was incorrectly suspected. This article discusses the results of the study and implications for language instruction. Since compositions written with the help of OT cannot always be distinguished from those written with such aid, instructorsand institutions may wish to review their approach to dealing with the issue of online translators in the classroom as well as policies concerning academic sanctions.  \nInformation technology has transformed the way people interact, communicate, and learn. These changes have been making their way into the field of foreign language education, from the use of electronic tools such as eBooks and collaborative wiki projects during instructional time, to the expansion of distance learning and the existence of other online resources available to students outside the walls of the traditional classroom.  \nOne such tool that is freely available to the general public is online translation (OT) . Websites such as Babel Fish, the first online translator once hosted by Alta Vista and Yahoo, which has now been replaced by Microsoft’s Bing Translator \u003C[http://www.microsofttranslator.com](http://www.microsofttranslator.com)>, GoogleTranslate\u003C[http://translate.google.com](http://translate.google.com)>,  \nand Free Translation \u003C[http://freetranslation.com](http://freetranslation.com)>, purportedly translate text that has been entered into the online translator from one language to another with the click of a button. OT sites pose particular challenges for teachers of foreign languages since they offer to convert text, ranging from single words to paragraph-length writing and beyond, into the target language for anyone who visits the site, including students.  \nOT sites differ from dictionaries in that the latter generally suggest several possible translations for a word or expression, often with examples and usage notes to guide the learner in the use and acquisition of the language and leaving to the writer the task of successfully integrating the items consulted into the composition. The former, online translators, typically provide one ready-made translation that the  \nOnline Translator Usage in Foreign Language Writing 75  \nwriter can simply copy and paste. Additionally, unlike OT sites, dictionaries have been considered to be beneficial to students writing in a foreign language. Hurman and Tall (2002) found, for example, that students received 9% higher scores when they used a dictionary during composition writing than when they did not use one. In light of the unproven nature of online translators and concerns about what they mean for academic honesty and language acquisition, policies for dealing with online translators vary. Such policies include prohibiting their use and imposing academic sanctions on students suspected of using them, assigning students a lower grade for compositions on which the instructor believes OT was used, and grading such essays on their own merits, with the assumption that students would receive a lower grade than they would have had they not used an online translator (McCarthy, 2004) . Many of these approaches presuppose that instructors can readily identify OT use in compositions they receive, but no comprehensive study examining online translation use among students has been found.  \nThis article first discusses a selection of the l","cbCaif6gwxfrJyUU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif6gwxfrJyUU","pdf",131262,15,"English","# Abstract\n## Background: Online translation as an educational technology\n## OT site characteristics and comparison with dictionaries\n## Policy responses and detection challenges\n## Study design and presentation of results\n## Literature review: perceived harms and errors","[{\"question\":\"Why are online translation (OT) sites prohibited for classwork in foreign language courses?\",\"answer\":\"They raise ethical and pedagogical concerns, particularly around academic honesty and whether students are doing their own work.\"},{\"question\":\"How well can teacher raters detect OT use in student compositions?\",\"answer\":\"Teacher raters could identify OT use to a statistically significant level, but some cases were missed and some compositions were incorrectly suspected.\"},{\"question\":\"What concerns does the literature raise about OT for language learning?\",\"answer\":\"The literature links OT to lexical, grammatical, and syntactic errors, and suggests it may hinder acquisition, waste instructional time, and encourage inappropriate translation practices.\"}]","Online Translator Usage in Foreign Language Writing - Abstract | PDF",1792091641,38]