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After years of development, online higher education should be assessed for how well it meets disability-related learning needs. This paper studies students’ views of a long-established online university using a research-based questionnaire, surveying 421 students with disabilities at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC). Results are broadly positive, yet they highlight unmet needs, especially for students with mental disabilities, requiring more comprehensive solutions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/online-readiness-in-universities-from-disabled-students-perspective-paper-study-on-accessibility-and-academic-accommodations/601232/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/online-readiness-in-universities-from-disabled-students-perspective-paper-study-on-accessibility-and-academic-accommodations/601232.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the study on online readiness?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To analyse how well online higher education institutions are prepared to meet the learning needs of people with disabilities, using students’ views and a research-based questionnaire.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the research conducted and who participated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It surveyed all students with disabilities studying at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), with an effective participation of 421 students.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results indicate about the university’s support?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Overall, the findings are highly positive regarding barrier reduction and satisfactory academic accommodations, but they also show a need for more comprehensive and specific solutions for unmet needs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},601232,1792209674,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Online readiness in universities from disabled students’  \nperspective  \nEulàlia Hernández Encuentra  \n[ehernandez@uoc.edu](ehernandez@uoc.edu)   \nUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain  \nElena Barberà Gregori  \n[ebarbera@uoc.edu](ebarbera@uoc.edu)   \nUniversitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain  \nAbstract  \nThe aim of online universities is to increase learning accessibility for all students. After some years of existence, online higher education should be analysed in terms of its preparedness to meet the learning needs of people with disabilities. This paper presents a study that sheds light on the level of readiness of online higher education institutions by examining students’ views of a well-established online university, using a research-based questionnaire. The research involves all students with disabilities studying at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), with an effective participation of 421 students. The conclusion of the paper is generally highly positive concerning the extent to which the university has overcome barriers and provided satisfactory academic accommodations. However, the results do indicate a need for a more comprehensive and specific solutions for dealing with unmet needs, especially for those students with mental disabilities.  \nKeywords  \nDisability; online higher education; accessibility; academic accommodations.  \nE. Hernández, E.Barberà  \nDigital Education Review-Number 39,June 2021 172  \nI. Introduction  \nOnline learning environments provide a good way for people with disabilities to access higher education. These environments have been shown to be effective and favoured by students with disabilities, as evidenced by the recently increasing numbers of these students enrolling on online courses (Verdinelli & Kutner, 2016) . Online programs can help students with disabilities overcome some of the major obstacles they face when completing graduate education, such as stigmatization, low perceived capacity and accessibility issues connected to their impairment. Although online learning gives these adult learners more control over the learning process, numerous barriers continue to impede regular access to higher education. In this context, the universal design for instruction (Tobin, 2014; Cindy, Dell, & Blackwell, 2015) applied to online learning has, so far, been insufficient in dealing with the wide range of impairment situations and the extensive and rapidly obsolescent technology repertoire (Whetstone, 2017) .  \nIt is essential that online education providers strive to provide a suitable response to the main needs of students with disabilities when accessing online education. They must also understand the factors affecting their access and offer solutions.  \nIn this article focused on accommodations, we refer to students reporting about their own disabilities being aware that this expression is aligned with an individual model of disabilities (Waterfield, Beagan, & Weinberg, 2018; Griful-Freixenet et al., 2017) . This approach makes it easier to compare the results with those of previous studies.  \na. Factors influencing performance  \nThe latest studies investigating the factors that impact the performance of students with disabilities in an online learning environment reveal three kinds/levels of results:  \n• Persistence factors: include not only more personal aspects, such as resiliency, selfdetermination, motivation and goal commitment, but also institutional assistance and other external sources of support (Verdinelli & Kutner, 2016) .  \n• Teaching factors: involve teacher and social presences, and communication supporting interaction between students with disabilities and their instructors and impacting the students’ perceived learning achievement and class satisfaction (Alamri & Tyler-Wood, 2017; Roberts, Crittenden, & Crittenden, 2011) .  \n• Environmental factors: include learning management system accessibility and the situational circumstances of the immediate environment, such as family","cbCaiovEpNDPmfPl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiovEpNDPmfPl","pdf",114144,"English","# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Factors influencing performance\n## Institutional answers","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study on online readiness?\",\"answer\":\"To analyse how well online higher education institutions are prepared to meet the learning needs of people with disabilities, using students’ views and a research-based questionnaire.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted and who participated?\",\"answer\":\"It surveyed all students with disabilities studying at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), with an effective participation of 421 students.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results indicate about the university’s support?\",\"answer\":\"Overall, the findings are highly positive regarding barrier reduction and satisfactory academic accommodations, but they also show a need for more comprehensive and specific solutions for unmet needs.\"}]","Online readiness in universities from disabled students’ perspective - Paper study on accessibility and academic accommodations | PDF",1792092228]