[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43298-en":3,"doc-seo-43298-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43298,1099514067415,"Rowan","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502",8,"Research & Report","One World, Rival Theories","International relations theories are evaluated for their ability to explain a radically changing post-9/11 world and to inform policymakers. The work compares realism, liberalism, and idealism (constructivism as an updated form) and argues that these approaches can puncture simplistic labels while offering nuanced policy implications. It also discusses how public intellectuals and political leaders blend theory in debates over Iraq, showing both the usefulness and the risks of theoretical window-dressing.","One World,RivalTheories  \nThe study ofinternational relations is supposed to tell us how the zworld works.It's a tall order,and even the best theories fall short.But they can punctureillusions and strip away the simplistic brand names—such as \"neocons\"or \"lib-eral hawks”—that dominate foreign-policy debates.Even in a radicallychanging world,the classic theories have a lot to say.|ByJack Snyder  \nhe U.S.government has endured sev-  approaches:realism,liberalism,and an updatederal painful rounds of scrutiny as it form of idealism called“constructivism.”Walttries to figure out what went wrong argued that these theories shape both public dis-on Sept.11,2001.The intelligence course and policy analysis.Realism focuses oncommunity faces radical restructuring;the military the shifting distribution of power among states.has made a sharp pivot to face a new enemy;and aLiberalism highlights the rising number of democ-vast new federal agency has blossomed to coordinateracies and the turbulence of democratic transi-  \nhomeland security.But did Septem-ber 11 signal a failure of theory onpar with the failures of intelligenceand policy?Familiar theories abouthow the world works still dominateacademic debate.Instead of radicalchange,academia has adjusted exist-ing theories to meet new realities.Has this approach succeeded?Doesinternational relations theory stillhave something to tell policymakers?  \nSix years ago,political scien-tist Stephen M.Walt published amuch-cited survcy of the field inthese pages(“One World,ManyTheories,\"Spring 1998).Hesketched out three dominant  \nILLUSTRATIONS BY CHRISTOPHE ORLET FOR F  \nJack Snyder is the Robert and Renée Belferprofessor of international relations atColumbia University  \nReproduced with permission of the copyright owner.Further reproduction prohibited without permission.  \nInternational relations theory also shapes andinforms the thinking of the public intellectuals whotranslate and disseminate academic ideas.During thesummer of 2004,for example,two influentialframers of neoconservative thought,columnistCharles Krauthammer and political scientist Fran-cis Fukuyama,collided over the implications ofthese conceptual paradigms for U.S.policy in Iraq.Backing the Bush administration's Middle East pol-icy,Krauthammer argued for an assertive amalgamof liberalism and realism,which he called“demo-cratic realism.\"Fukuyama claimed that Krautham-mer’s faith in the use of force and the feasibility ofdemocratic change in Iraq blinds him to thc war'slack of legitimacy,a failing that “hurts both therealist part of our agenda,by diminishing our actu-al power,and the idealist portion of it,by under-cutting our appeal as the embodiment of certainideas and values.\"  \ntions.Idcalism illuminates the changing norms ofsovereignty,human rights,and international jus-tice,as well as the increased potency of religiousideas in politics.  \nThe influence of these intellectual constructsextends far beyond university classrooms and tenurecommittees.Policymakers and public commentatorsinvoke clements of all these theorics when articulat-ing solutions to global security dilcmmas.PresidentGieorgc W.Bush promises to fight terror by spread-ing liberal democracy to the Middlc East and claimsthat skcptics\"who call themselves 'realists....havelost contact with a fundamental reality\"that“Amer-ica is always more secure when freedom is on themarch.“”Striking a more eclectic tone,National Secu-rity Advisor Condolecza Rice,a former StanfordUniversity political science professor;explains that thenew Bush doctrine is an amalgam of pragmatic real-ism and Wilsonian liberal theory.During the recentpresidential campaign,Sen.John Kerry soundedremarkably similar:“Our foreign policy has achievedgreatncss,\"he said,\"only when it has combinedrealism and idealism.\"  \nIndeed,when realism,liberalism,and idealismenter the policymaking arena and public debate,they can sometimes become intellectual windowdressing for simplistic worldviews.Properly under-  \nstood,h","cbCaikyedADihZpC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikyedADihZpC","pdf",6990850,5,1,11,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Rival theories and post-9/11 change\n# Theoretical foundations\n## Realism\n## Liberalism\n## Idealism and constructivism","[{\"question\":\"What is the document’s main purpose regarding international relations theory?\",\"answer\":\"To assess whether leading theories still help explain how the world works and whether they provide guidance for policymakers after post-9/11 changes.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major theoretical approaches are discussed?\",\"answer\":\"The text centers on realism, liberalism, and idealism, including an updated form of idealism called constructivism.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document evaluate the role of theory in public and policy debates?\",\"answer\":\"It argues theories can offer sophisticated filters and checks on one another, but they can also be used as intellectual window-dressing for oversimplified 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