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This review explains ERV structure and function, showing how ERV expression is shaped primarily by epigenetic modification, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional modulation. It summarizes recent advances linking ERVs to cancer initiation and progression and introduces therapeutic strategies that target ERVs. The focus integrates both mechanistic insights and potential anti-tumor interventions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/oncogenic-role-of-erv-with-therapeutic-potential-oncogenic-role-of-erv/352885/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/oncogenic-role-of-erv-with-therapeutic-potential-oncogenic-role-of-erv/352885.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Putri","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-25","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and why are they important?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"ERVs are ancient viral remnants integrated into host genomes that persist across vertebrate lineages. They contribute to diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cancers.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is ERV expression regulated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"ERV expression is mainly controlled by epigenetic modification, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional modulation.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What therapeutic potential do ERVs have in cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Because ERVs contribute to cancer initiation and progression, targeting ERV-related pathways is presented as a therapeutic avenue for anti-tumor strategies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},352885,1790228545,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962085571259,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 24 April 2026  \nDOI 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1807944  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nSheefa Mirza,  \nUniversity of Witwatersrand, South Africa  \nREVIEWED BY  \nLarance Ronsard,  \nRagon Institute, United States Abigail Jarosz,  \nLorain County Community College, United States  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nWei-Li Zhao  \n [zhao.weili@yahoo.com](zhao.weili@yahoo.com)[ ](zhao.weili@yahoo.com)Jie Xiong  \n[xiongjie_sih@163.com](xiongjie_sih@163.com)[ ](xiongjie_sih@163.com)RECEIVED 10 February 2026 REVISED 02 April 2026 ACCEPTED 13 April 2026 PUBLISHED 24 April 2026  \nCITATION  \nXia P-H, Zhao W-L and Xiong J (2026) Oncogenic role of ERV with therapeutic potential.  \nFront. Immunol. 17:1807944 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1807944  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2026 Xia, Zhao and Xiong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nOncogenic role of ERV with therapeutic potential  \nPan-Hui Xia 1, Wei-Li Zhao 1,2* and Jie Xiong 1*  \n1Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 2 Pˆole de Recherches Sino-Franais en Science du Vivant et Ge´nomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China  \nEndogenous Retroviruses (ERVs) are originated from ancient exogenous viruses, which integrate into the host genome after infection and persist across all vertebrate lineages. Complete ERV consists of viral genes (gag, pro, pol, and env) in the center and two Long Terminal Repeats (LTRs) at both ends, which encode viral structural proteins, critical enzyme, and glycoprotein. ERVs constitute approximately 8% of human genome and function in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, inflammation and infection, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, etc. The expression of ERVs is controlled mainly by epigenetic modification, transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional modulation, which offered important therapeutic targets. In this review, we reviewed the structure and function of ERVs, summarized recent research advances on how ERVs contribute to cancer initiation and progression, and introduced some therapies targeting ERVs.  \nKEYWORDS  \ncancers, endogenous retroviruses, epigenetic modification, oncogenesis, therapeutic targets  \n1 Introduction  \nTransposable elements are mobile DNA elements that are universally interspersed in eukaryotic genomes, which can be divided into DNA transposons and retrotransposons according to the mechanism of movement (1) . DNA transposons use “cut-and-paste”mechanism to move themselves to exert a regulatory activating role. Retrotransposons, which are classified into LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons based on the presence or absence of LTRs at their termini, use RNA as transposition intermediate to copy and integrate the chromosome into the genome (2, 3). The overwhelming majority of LTR retrotransposons are ERVs, also known as endogenous retroelements, originating from ancient exogenous viruses and integrating into the host genome after infection (4–6) . ERVs persist across all vertebrate lineages, though their genomic abundance exhibits significant interspecies variation. For example, in the human genome, ERVs constitute approximately 8%, while in mice this proportion rises to around 10%, and in dogs and pigs it decreases to about 4%(7) .  \nDriven by concerns for human health and the human genome, extensive research has been conducted in Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). In recent years","cbCaiejbkJOCKzUy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiejbkJOCKzUy","pdf",2660827,"English","# Introduction\n## HERV structure\n## (Further sections likely cover ERVs in cancer and therapeutic strategies)","[{\"question\":\"What are endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and why are they important?\",\"answer\":\"ERVs are ancient viral remnants integrated into host genomes that persist across vertebrate lineages. They contribute to diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cancers.\"},{\"question\":\"How is ERV expression regulated?\",\"answer\":\"ERV expression is mainly controlled by epigenetic modification, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional modulation.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic potential do ERVs have in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Because ERVs contribute to cancer initiation and progression, targeting ERV-related pathways is presented as a therapeutic avenue for anti-tumor strategies.\"}]","Oncogenic role of ERV with therapeutic potential - Oncogenic role of ERV | PDF",1790101865,25]