[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-369386-105":59,"doc-detail-369386-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","oncogenic-gene-fusions-in-cancer-from-biology-to-therapy","Oncogenic gene fusions in cancer - from biology to therapy","","Oncogenic gene fusions appear across a wide range of cancers and define specific cancer types, making them actionable therapeutic targets. Cancers driven by fusion products often show strong sensitivity to targeted therapies, so detecting potentially targetable fusions is essential for optimal treatment selection. Detection relies on non-sequencing approaches like fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, alongside DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing when feasible. This review summarizes biology-focused fusion identification and approved therapies, while addressing evidence for fusion-positive cancers lacking current targeted options and guidance for initiating appropriate targeted treatment.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/oncogenic-gene-fusions-in-cancer-from-biology-to-therapy/369386/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/oncogenic-gene-fusions-in-cancer-from-biology-to-therapy/369386.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rhys","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are oncogenic gene fusions important for cancer treatment selection?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Oncogenic gene fusions occur frequently and can define particular cancer types. Fusion-driven cancers often respond well to targeted therapies when the relevant fusion is detected, so testing enables optimal treatment choice.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What detection methods are discussed for identifying oncogenic gene fusions?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review describes both non-sequencing methods, including fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and sequencing approaches using DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the review connect fusion biology to targeted therapy options?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It explains that many fusion proteins act as strong oncogenic drivers, including receptor tyrosine kinase–incorporating fusions that can create oncogenic addiction. It also highlights tumor-agnostic therapies for specific fusion classes, such as NTRK fusions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},369386,1790497056,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},687207024643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Signal Transduction [and Targeted Therapy](and Targeted Therapy www.nature.com/sigtrans)[ www.nature.com/sigtrans](and Targeted Therapy www.nature.com/sigtrans)  \nREVIEW ARTICLE OPEN  \nOncogenic gene fusions in cancer: from biology to therapy  \nStephen V. Liu1 ✉, Misako Nagasaka 2,3, Judith Atz4, Flavio Solca 5 and Leonhard Müllauer6  \n\n|  | Oncogenic gene fusions occur across a broad range of cancers and are a defining feature of some cancer types. Cancers driven by gene fusion products tend to respond well to targeted therapies, where available; thus, detection of potentially targetable oncogenic fusions is necessary to select optimal treatment. Detection methods include non-sequencing methods, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and sequencing methods, such as DNA- and RNA-based nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) . While NGS is an efficient way to analyze multiple genes of interest at once, economic and technical factors may preclude its use in routine care globally, despite several guideline recommendations. The aim of this review is to present a summary of oncogenic gene fusions, with a focus on fusions that affect tyrosine kinase signaling, and to highlight the importance of testing for oncogenic fusions. We present an overview of the identification of oncogenic gene fusions and therapies approved for the treatment of cancers harboring gene fusions, and summarize data regarding treating fusion-positive cancers with no current targeted therapies and clinical studies of fusion-positive cancers. Although treatment options may be limited for patients with rare alterations, healthcare professionals should identify patients most likely to benefit from oncogenic gene fusion testing |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n| and initiate the appropriate targeted therapy to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. |  |  |\n|  | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2025)10:111 ; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02161-7](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02161-7) |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nDNA rearrangement occurs when stretches of DNA are brought into juxtaposition following chromosome breakage and erroneous repair.1 Although many such rearrangements lack functional relevance, certain resultant fusion genes are strong oncogenicdrivers.2 Such fusion events are relatively common genetic aberrations in cancer.3,4 Oncogenic gene fusion products represent potential therapeutic targets for a growing number of rationally designed targeted agents;5 as such, appropriate molecular testing is critical.  \nOncogenic gene fusions occur frequently (or are a defining feature) in certain types of cancer.6–8 For example, the BCR-ABL fusion – which gives rise to an aberrant, constitutively active tyrosine kinase – is found in almost all cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) .8,9 ETS family gene fusions involve dysregulated expression of transcription factors and occur in approximately 50% of all prostate cancers; of these fusions, ERG is the most common fusion partner.10, 11 Fusions affecting the NTRK gene are present in >80% of cases of infantile congenital fibrosarcoma, secretory breast carcinoma, and mammary-analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland.12  \nOncogenic fusions also occur at lower frequencies across abroad range of more common cancers.11, 13–15 For example, gene fusions involving the NRG1 gene have been detected at an incidence of \u003C1% in colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .16 Fusion partners include CD74 (the most common fusion partner), ATP1B1, SDC4, and RBPMS. In NSCLC, NRG1 gene fusions are most common (20% of cases) in patients with invasive mucinous carcinoma of the lung, which represent up to 10% of lung adenocarcinomas.3 Although  \n~90% of pancreatic cancers harbor driver mutations in KRAS, driver fusions are present in >20% of KRAS wil","cbCaibckbloss9U3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibckbloss9U3","pdf",4150752,"English","# Introduction\n## DNA rearrangement and fusion-driven oncogenesis\n## Key fusion examples across cancer types\n## Therapeutic implications of fusion-driven cancers\n## Purpose and scope of the narrative review","[{\"question\":\"Why are oncogenic gene fusions important for cancer treatment selection?\",\"answer\":\"Oncogenic gene fusions occur frequently and can define particular cancer types. Fusion-driven cancers often respond well to targeted therapies when the relevant fusion is detected, so testing enables optimal treatment choice.\"},{\"question\":\"What detection methods are discussed for identifying oncogenic gene fusions?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes both non-sequencing methods, including fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and sequencing approaches using DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review connect fusion biology to targeted therapy options?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that many fusion proteins act as strong oncogenic drivers, including receptor tyrosine kinase–incorporating fusions that can create oncogenic addiction. It also highlights tumor-agnostic therapies for specific fusion classes, such as NTRK fusions.\"}]","Oncogenic gene fusions in cancer - from biology to therapy | PDF",1790182356]