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This review discusses X-linked TSG dysregulation across cancers arising from genetic variation and epigenetic change, including ncRNA-mediated and immunomodulatory impacts.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/oncogenes-and-tumor-suppressor-genes-functions-and-roles-in-cancers/327907/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/oncogenes-and-tumor-suppressor-genes-functions-and-roles-in-cancers/327907.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Hazel","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-13","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How do oncogenes contribute to cancer development?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Oncogenes arise from altered proto-oncogenes and drive excessive gene copy number or activity, disrupting growth control and promoting uncontrolled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What role do tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play in normal cells and cancer?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"TSGs regulate cell division and apoptosis under normal conditions; dysregulation can cause uncontrolled growth and loss-of-function activity that contributes to cancer.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why are X-linked TSGs important for cancer progression and metastasis?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"X-linked TSGs show specific roles in progression and metastasis and are linked to epigenetic adaptation such as X-chromosome inactivation, influencing X chromosome–autosome crosstalk and genome remodeling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},327907,1789996722,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","DOI: 10.1002/mco2.582  \nREVIEW  \nOncogenes and tumor suppressor genes: functions and roles in cancers  \nTikam Chand Dakal1 ,∗ ,\\#   Bhanupriya Dhabhai1 ,\\#  Anuja Pant2  Kareena Moar2  Kanika Chaudhary3  VikasYadav3  Vipin Ranga4   Narendra Kumar Sharma5   Abhishek Kumar6, 7   Pawan Kumar Maurya2 Jarek Maciaczyk8  Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf9  Amit Sharma8, 9 ,∗   \n1 Department of Biotechnology, Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India  \n2 Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India  \n3 School of Life Sciences. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India  \n4 Dearptment of Agricultural Biotechnology, DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India  \n5 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India  \n6Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India  \n7 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India  \n8 Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany  \n9 Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany  \n∗ Correspondence  \nTikam Chand Dakal, Department of Biotechnology, Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.  \nEmail: [tikam26070@gmail.com](tikam26070@gmail.com); [tc.dakal@mlsu.ac.in](tc.dakal@mlsu.ac.in)  \nAmit Sharma, Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.  \nEmail: [amit.sharma@ukbonn.de](amit.sharma@ukbonn.de)  \nAbstract  \nCancer, being the most formidable ailment, has had a profound impact on the human health. The disease is primarily associated with genetic mutations that impact oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) . Recently, growing evidence have shown that X-linked TSGs have specific role in cancer progression and metastasis as well. Interestingly, our genome harbors around substantial portion of genes that function as tumor suppressors, and the X chromosome alone harbors a considerable number of TSGs. The scenario becomes even more compelling as X-linked TSGs are adaptive to key epigenetic processes such as X chromosome inactivation. Therefore, delineating the new paradigm related to X-linked TSGs, for instance, their crosstalk with autosome and involvement in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis becomes utmost importance. Considering this, herein, we present a comprehensive discussion of X-linked TSG dysregulation in various cancers as a consequence of genetic variations and epigenetic alterations. In addition, the dynamic role of X-linked TSGs in sex chromosome–autosome crosstalk in cancer genome remodeling is being  \n\\#Tikam Chand Dakal and Bhanupriya Dhabhai contributed equally to this work.  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2024 The Author(s). MedComm published by Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.  \nMedComm. 2024;5:e582 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.582](https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.582)  \n[wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mco2](wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mco2)  \n1 of 35  \nDAKAL et al.  \nexplored thoroughly. Besides, the functional roles of ncRNAs, role of X-linked TSG in immunomodulation and in gender-based cancer disparities has also been highlighted. Overall, the focal idea of the present article is to recapitulate the findings on X-linked TSG regulation in the cancer landscape and to redefine their role toward improving cancer treatment strategies.  \nKEYWORDS  \ncancer signaling, cancer therapy, ncRNAs, tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), X chromosome– autosome crosstalk, X-chromosome inactivation  \n1  INTRODUCTION  ","cbCaiqhLx169DplO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqhLx169DplO","pdf",4836981,35,"English","# Introduction\n## Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cancer development","[{\"question\":\"How do oncogenes contribute to cancer development?\",\"answer\":\"Oncogenes arise from altered proto-oncogenes and drive excessive gene copy number or activity, disrupting growth control and promoting uncontrolled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play in normal cells and cancer?\",\"answer\":\"TSGs regulate cell division and apoptosis under normal conditions; dysregulation can cause uncontrolled growth and loss-of-function activity that contributes to cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are X-linked TSGs important for cancer progression and metastasis?\",\"answer\":\"X-linked TSGs show specific roles in progression and metastasis and are linked to epigenetic adaptation such as X-chromosome inactivation, influencing X chromosome–autosome crosstalk and genome remodeling.\"}]","Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes: functions and roles in cancers | PDF",1789978307,88]