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Danielle Whitham 2, Pathea Bruno 2, Aneeta Arshad 2, Logan Seymour 2, Hailey Morrissiey 2, Angiolina I. Hukovic 2 and Costel C. Darie 2, *  \nCitation: Neagu, A.-N.; Whitham, D.; Bruno, P.; Arshad, A.; Seymour, L.; Morrissiey, H.; Hukovic, A.I.; Darie, C.C. Onco-Breastomics: An  \nEco-Evo-Devo Holistic Approach. Int.  \nJ. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1628. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031628](doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031628)  \nAcademic Editor: Rodrigo S¡nchez-Bayona  \nReceived: 20 December 2023  \nRevised: 21 January 2024  \nAccepted: 25 January 2024  \nPublished: 28 January 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology,“Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Ias, i, Carol I bvd. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania  \n2 Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA; [whithad@clarkson.edu](whithad@clarkson.edu) (D.W.); [brunop@clarkson.edu](brunop@clarkson.edu) (P.B.); [anarsha@clarkson.edu](anarsha@clarkson.edu) (A.A.); [seymoule@clarkson.edu](seymoule@clarkson.edu) (L.S.); [morrisha@clarkson.edu](morrisha@clarkson.edu) (H.M.); [aihukovic@gmail.com](aihukovic@gmail.com) (A.I.H.)  \n* Correspondence: [aneagu@uaic.ro](aneagu@uaic.ro) (A.-N.N.); [cdarie@clarkson.edu](cdarie@clarkson.edu) (C.C.D.); Tel.: +1-(315)-268-7763 (C.C.D.); Fax: +1-(315)-268-6610 (C.C.D.)  \nAbstract: Known as a diverse collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) can be hyperbolically characterized as a dynamic pseudo-organ, a living organism able to build a complex, open, hierarchically organized, self-sustainable, and self-renewable tumor system, a population, a species, a local community, a biocenosis, or an evolving dynamical ecosystem (i.e., immune or metabolic ecosystem) that emphasizes both developmental continuity and spatio-temporal change. Moreover, a cancer cell community, also known as an oncobiota, has been described as non-sexually reproducing species, as well as a migratory or invasive species that expresses intelligent behavior, or an endangered or parasite species that ﬁghts to survive, to optimize its features inside the host's ecosystem, or that is able to exploit or to disrupt its host circadian cycle for improving the own proliferation and spreading. BC tumorigenesis has also been compared with the early embryo and placenta development that may suggest new strategies for research and therapy. Furthermore, BC has also been characterized asan environmental disease or as an ecological disorder. Many mechanisms of cancer progression have been explained by principles of ecology, developmental biology, and evolutionary paradigms. Many authors have discussed ecological, developmental, and evolutionary strategies for more successful anti-cancer therapies, or for understanding the ecological, developmental, and evolutionary bases of BC exploitable vulnerabilities. Herein, we used the integrated framework of three well known ecological theories: the Bronfenbrenner's theory of human development, the Vannote's River Continuum Concept (RCC), and the Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Eco-Evo-Devo) theory, to explain and understand several eco-evo-devo-based principles that govern BC progression. Multi-omics ﬁelds, taken together as onco-breastomics, offer better opportunities to integrate, analyze, and interpret large amounts of complex heterogeneous data, such as various and big-omics data obtained by multiple investigative modalities, for understanding the eco-evo-devo-based principles th","cbCaigQky5pbMICX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigQky5pbMICX","pdf",2123212,37,"English","# Introduction\n## Breast cancer as a multi-dimensional, heterogeneous disease\n## 5P onco-medicine and tumor evolution concepts\n# Integrated eco-evo-devo framework\n## Bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development\n## River Continuum Concept (RCC)\n## Eco-Evo-Devo theory\n# Onco-breastomics and multi-omics integration\n## Interpreting heterogeneous omics data\n## Identifying eco-evo-devo-driven principles and vulnerabilities\n# Clinical implications\n## Non-invasive biomarkers from liquid biopsies\n## Preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine","[{\"question\":\"What perspective does the review use to describe breast cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"It frames breast cancer as a dynamic, hierarchically organized tumor ecosystem whose development includes spatio-temporal change and evolving interactions, including immune or metabolic ecosystems.\"},{\"question\":\"Which ecological and developmental theories are integrated in the proposed framework?\",\"answer\":\"The review uses three theories: Bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development, Vannote’s River Continuum Concept (RCC), and the Eco-Evo-Devo (Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology) theory.\"},{\"question\":\"How does onco-breastomics help researchers and clinicians?\",\"answer\":\"By combining multi-omics data, it enables integrated analysis of large heterogeneous datasets to interpret eco-evo-devo-driven principles and to support more accurate diagnosis and treatment via biomarkers.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do liquid-biopsy biomarkers play in the clinical implications?\",\"answer\":\"The review suggests using non-invasive biomarkers emerging from integrated omics-based data to better reflect the primary tumor’s biomolecular landscape, aiming to avoid more invasive preventive surgery such as bilateral mastectomy.\"}]","Onco-Breastomics: An Eco-Evo-Devo Holistic Approach | PDF",1789975671,93]