[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-119079-en":3,"doc-seo-119079-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},119079,5909877438554,"Maeve","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/5600025385ad2bf12a7?_k=1778553567797529272",8,"Research & Report","On using Machine Learning Algorithms for Motorcycle Collision Detection","Motorcycles attract a large variety of riders, yet severe injury and fatality rates in motorcycle-to-car accidents exceed those of passenger cars. Passive safety systems such as airbags and seat belts can substantially reduce harm if a collision is detected within milliseconds for many impact configurations. False activation must be avoided under all circumstances. The paper investigates the suitability of machine learning classification models by generating simulation data, then evaluating and comparing model performance using multiple representative, application-oriented criteria.","arXiv :2403 .09491v1 [ cs .LG] 14 Mar 2024  \nOn using Machine Learning Algorithms for Motorcycle Collision Detection  \nPhilipp Rodegast∗ Steffen Maier∗ Jonas Kneifl∗ J¨org Fehr∗  \nMarch 15, 2024  \nAbstract Globally, motorcycles attract vast and varied users. However, since the rate of severe injury and fatality in motorcycle accidents far exceeds passenger car accidents, efforts have been directed toward increasing passive safety systems. Impact simulations show that the risk of severe injury or death in the event of a motorcycle-to-car impact can be greatly reduced if the motorcycle is equipped with passive safety measures such as airbags and seat belts. For the passive safety systems to be activated, a collision must be detected within milliseconds for a wide variety of impact configurations, but under no circumstances may it be falsely triggered. For the challenge of reliably detecting impending collisions, this paper presents an investigation towards the applicability of machine learning algorithms. First, a series of simulations of accidents and driving operation is introduced to collect data to train machine learning classification models. Their performance is henceforth assessed and compared via multiple representative and application-oriented criteria.  \nKeywords —Motorcycle Safety, Multi-Body Simulation, Machine-Learning, Passive Safety, Vulnerable Road Users  \n∗ Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. (philipp.rodegast,jonas.kneifl,[joerg.fehr@itm.uni-stuttgart.de](joerg.fehr@itm.uni-stuttgart.de))  \n1 Motivation  \nGlobally, powered two-wheelers, more commonly called ’motorcycles,’ attract vast and varied users ([15]) . Dependent on the region, they enjoy popularity as (i) a compact means of individual transportation in increasingly congested urban traffic and tight parking conditions, (ii) cheap individual mobility due to a lower price, lower energy consumption, and lower maintenance costs compared to, e.g., passenger cars, and (iii) a leisure or exciting sports activity due to its unique handling experience with the feeling of freedom when riding. However, their poor passive safety poses an excessive risk inroad traffic at considerable social costs.  \nThe risk of suffering severe injuries or dying in an accident is more than twice as high for motorcyclists than for occupants of cars. Worldwide, about 375,000 drivers and passengers of two-or three-wheeled vehicles die each year, according to [39] . In 2021, 302 (2.2%) motorcyclists killed and 5,230 (38.2%) motorcyclists seriously injured were recorded in 13,702 motorcycle accidents with personal injury in Germany alone ([12]) . In that same period, in 160,771 car accidents involving injuries to persons, only 1,433 (0.9%) were killed, and 30,902 (19.2%) severely injured car drivers were registered. The higher risk of injury and fatality rate is attributed to the lack of passive safety systems. While passenger cars benefit from extensive safety measures such as airbags and seatbelts in an enclosed passenger cell with an energy-absorbing crumple zone, motorcycles lack these features. There are many different active safety systems that improve the active safety of motorcycles ([36] including motorcycle-detecting automatic emergency braking which is integrated into passenger vehicles cars ([10])) . Studies show that they can potentially prevent a significant proportion of accidents, but they are not able to avoid all collisionsin the future ([10, 35]) . Instead, nowadays motorcyclists rely on personal protective equipment such as helmets, safety clothing, and protectors, which, as the above statistics of accident outcomes show, have poor protective performance.  \nAs part of a research project, the Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics (ITM) of the University of Stuttgart is investigating a new passive safety concept for motorcycles. The concept includes, among other feature","cbCais6lJghkgnr4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCais6lJghkgnr4","pdf",3082319,1,37,"English","en",105,"# Motivation\n## Problem background and safety need\n# Data generation and simulation setup\n## Accident and driving-operation simulations\n# Machine learning approach\n## Classification model training\n# Model evaluation\n## Representative and application-oriented criteria","[{\"question\":\"Why is collision detection within milliseconds crucial for motorcycle passive safety?\",\"answer\":\"Passive restraints must be activated fast enough for many impact configurations, otherwise the rider cannot be decelerated or restrained effectively. The system must also avoid false triggering in any situation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper obtain data for machine learning models?\",\"answer\":\"It introduces a series of simulations of accidents and driving operations to collect training data for classification models.\"},{\"question\":\"What is assessed when evaluating the machine learning classification models?\",\"answer\":\"Model performance is compared using multiple representative and application-oriented criteria to determine suitability for reliable impending-collision detection.\"}]","On using Machine Learning Algorithms for Motorcycle Collision Detection | PDF",1785722217,93,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"on-using-machine-learning-algorithms-for-motorcycle-collision-detection","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/on-using-machine-learning-algorithms-for-motorcycle-collision-detection/119079/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-03",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why is collision detection within milliseconds crucial for motorcycle passive safety?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Passive restraints must be activated fast enough for many impact configurations, otherwise the rider cannot be decelerated or restrained effectively. The system must also avoid false triggering in any situation.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the paper obtain data for machine learning models?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It introduces a series of simulations of accidents and driving operations to collect training data for classification models.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What is assessed when evaluating the machine learning classification models?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Model performance is compared using multiple representative and application-oriented criteria to determine suitability for reliable impending-collision detection.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]