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It also reviews the legacy of Tsarist oppression, the Bolshevik seizure of power, wartime disorganization, major casualties, foreign invasions, and Allied intervention, culminating in civil war devastation and altered economic 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is the purpose of the five standards discussed in the text?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The text proposes five bases or standards of judgment to help anyone adequately comprehend what is happening in Russia today, especially to correct common misunderstandings among Americans.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does geography shape the Soviet government’s problems?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The text argues that the Soviet Union’s immense size and spread create serious administrative challenges, explaining many of the troubles the Soviet government has encountered.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which historical events are used to contextualize Soviet conditions?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The text reviews Tsarist rule and Russification, the disorganization after the March and October revolutions, World War-era casualties, and later German invasion and Allied intervention, including civil war 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LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET  \nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \nReproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia UniversityLibraries.                   \nRESTRICTIONS ON USE:  \nTECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA  \nFILM SIZE:     35mmREDUCTION RATIO:  \n 9:1   \nIB IIB  \nIMAGE PLACEMENT:IA(  \nIIA)  \nINITIALS:                     Tun/    \nDATE FILMED:                    013157  \nTRACKING\\#:                                                                                                    z4918  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n# On UnderstandingSOVIET RUSSIA\n\nBy CORLISS LAMONT  \n建U.  \n# ON UNDERSTANDING SOVIET RUSSIA\n\nBy CORLISS LAMONT  \nCINCE returning from a two months'trip to SovietRussia I have had occasion to discuss with many dif-ferent types of Americans the situation in that country.According!y I have had the opportunity to discover whatseem to be the most common misunderstandings concern-ing the Soviet Union in the American mind.These mis-understandings I have tried to clear up in a positivemanner by formulating five bases or standards of judg-ment which seem necessary to me for anyone who wishesadequately to comprehend what is going on in Russiatoday.In view of America's recent recognition of theSoviet Union and the increasingly close relations betweenthe two nations,more and more Americans are feeling theneed for some such intellectual measuring rod as I havein mind.The five standards of judgment,then,which Iwould suggest can be summarized as follows:  \nI  \nFirst of all,we should take into constant considerationRussia's geography,cultural background,and history.  \nThe Soviet Union covers a vast and sprawling territory,representing between a sixth and a seventh of the entire  \nworld's surface.It is larger in area than all of North andCentral America and two and a half times as big as theUnited States.From the Arctic Ocean in the north tothe Black Sea in the south,from the Baltic in the west tothe Pacific in the east,the Red flag fies;and over a totalpopulation of almost 170,000,000.While these continen-tal proportions entail certain advantages in the scope andvariety of natural resources,they create a sheer problemof administrattion which is breath-taking and which initself explains many of the troubles that the Soviet Gov-ernment has encountered.  \nThis problem of administration is made much moredifficult by the fact that in this huge domain live about I50different races,each with its on language,it own cuS-toms,and its oun culture.The Tsars oppressed the na-tional minorities to an extreme degree,forcing upon thema policy of strict Russification and attempting to stampout their native cultures.When the Bolsheviks came intopower in the fall of I9I7 about 8o per cent of the popu-lation were peasants engaged in agricultural pursuits andusing,for the most part,decidedly primitive methods.They had been living under a Tsarist absolutism in whichreal democratic institutions were unknown,political per-secutions an everyday occurrence,and economic misery awidespread and accepted fact.Their general cultural andtechnical backwardness was appalling,upwards of 70 percent of them actually being iliterate.Russia had alwaysbeen more of an eastern than a western country and hadnever experienced the invigorating influences of a Renais-sance and Reformation,an Enlightenment and BourgeoisRevolution.  \nWhen Lenin and his colleagues seized the state in Oc-tober of I917,Russia had already been through the Marchrevolution which resulted in the abdication of the Tsarand the establishment of the Provisional Government.The country was in an even worse state of disorganizationthan in March,with the transportation system in collapse,the fields denuded of working hands,and the bread linesin the cities growing longer and longer.The nation hadendured more than three years","cbCaimABwm7zRKTu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimABwm7zRKTu","pdf",996769,"English","# On Understanding Soviet Russia\n## Five standards of judgment\n## Geography, cultural background, and history\n## Administrative challenges and nationalities\n## Tsarist legacy and Bolshevik transition\n## Revolution, war, intervention, and civil conflict","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the five standards discussed in the text?\",\"answer\":\"The text proposes five bases or standards of judgment to help anyone adequately comprehend what is happening in Russia today, especially to correct common misunderstandings among Americans.\"},{\"question\":\"How does geography shape the Soviet government’s problems?\",\"answer\":\"The text argues that the Soviet Union’s immense size and spread create serious administrative challenges, explaining many of the troubles the Soviet government has encountered.\"},{\"question\":\"Which historical events are used to contextualize Soviet conditions?\",\"answer\":\"The text reviews Tsarist rule and Russification, the disorganization after the March and October revolutions, World War-era casualties, and later German invasion and Allied intervention, including civil war devastation.\"}]","On Understanding Soviet Russia - Five Standards of Judgment | PDF",1789967114,31]