[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-86156-en":3,"doc-seo-86156-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},86156,962075114101,"Seraphina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e000253a75eb197efd?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780044092746381165",8,"Research & Report","On the Performance of Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Maritime Communications","An integrated terrestrial and satellite maritime communication system combines a shore-based terrestrial base station (TBS) with a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite to deliver wide-area services for maritime users. The study provides performance analysis by evaluating transmission rate and coverage probability for near-shore and off-shore users under maritime channel and environment conditions. Asymptotic analysis is conducted in selected special cases to reveal key parameter impacts. An optimization algorithm adjusts TBS and LEO transmission power to maximize near-shore coverage while meeting minimum rate constraints for both near-shore and off-shore users. Extensive numerical results confirm theoretical accuracy and the algorithm’s effectiveness.","On the Performance of Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Maritime Communications  \nKaiwei Xiong, Xiaoming Chen, and Ming Ying  \narXiv :2607 . 1 1 152v 1 [ cs .IT] 13 Jul 2026  \nAbstract—In this paper, we present an integrated terrestrial and satellite maritime communication system, where a shorebased terrestrial base station (TBS) and a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite cooperatively provide wide-area communication services to maritime users. We conduct performance analysis for the integrated satellite-terrestrial maritime communication system. Specifically, we analyze the transmission rate and coverage probability of near-shore and off-shore users respectively according to the maritime communication environment. Besides, in order to better understand the impact of some key parameters, we also make asymptotic analysis in some special cases. Further, we design an optimization algorithm to maximize the coverage probability of near-shore users by adjusting the transmission power of TBS and the LEO satellite, while ensuring the both off-shore and near-shore users can meet the minimum communication rate requirements. Finally, extensive numerical analysis results verify the accuracy of the theoretical results and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm in the maritime communication system.  \nIndex Terms—Performance analysis, maritime communication, integrated satellite-terrestrial communication system, LEO satellite.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nIn recent years, maritime activities have experienced asignificant increase [1], [2] . Firstly, the recovery of global trade and the growth of e-commerce to drive the increase in the demand for goods transportation. Secondly, with the increasing demand for maritime resources [3]-[5], some maritime fishery activities are also expanding, which is reflected in near-shore aquaculture and off-shore fisheries. The increasing number of maritime activities makes the increase of maritime users and maritime data, which also puts forward higher demandsand challenges for maritime communication. As the number of ships and users at sea continues to rise, the demand for safe, reliable, and rapid maritime communications becomes increasingly crucial. Besides, the need for real-time data exchange to transmit information is also important, such as realtime transmission of location, weather and ocean conditions, which is better for navigation planning and decision making. However, the current maritime communication is still far behind the terrestrial communication [6], [7], and the maritime communication still faces many challenges.  \nAt present, maritime communication has been faced with many challenges, which affect the efficiency, security and reliability of communication. The area of the ocean is huge,  \nKaiwei Xiong, Xiaoming Chen, and Ming Ying are with the College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China (e-mail:{xiong kaiwei, chen xiaoming, and ming[ying](ying}@zju.edu.cn)[}](ying}@zju.edu.cn)[@zju.edu.cn](ying}@zju.edu.cn)).  \nand the traditional shore-based communication network cannot cover all the sea [8]-[10] . Especially when maritime users are far from the coastal area, the signal strength and stability will be greatly reduced. The ocean area is vast, and only shorebased stations network cannot cover all the sea areas. The only satellites network also cannot provide high throughput and timely information transmission. The development of the robust maritime communication infrastructure necessitates the integration of the LEO satellite and terrestrial systems, leveraging the extensive coverage capabilities of LEO satellite system alongside the high-throughput benefits of cellular systems. Such a hybrid approach is essential to address the growing demands and challenges faced by maritime communication systems [11]-[14] .  \nFurthermore, a large number of studies have been performed on how to construct and utilize the integrated satelliteterrestrial c","cbCaiisAAJ8A5zut","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiisAAJ8A5zut","pdf",803243,4,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Maritime communication challenges\n## Integrated satellite-terrestrial motivation\n## Related work and prior research","[{\"question\":\"What integrated communication architecture is studied in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The paper studies a cooperative system where a shore-based terrestrial base station (TBS) and a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite jointly provide wide-area communication for maritime users.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper evaluate system performance?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes transmission rate and coverage probability separately for near-shore and off-shore users according to the maritime communication environment.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the proposed optimization algorithm aim to achieve?\",\"answer\":\"It maximizes the coverage probability of near-shore users by adjusting the transmission power of the TBS and the LEO satellite, while ensuring both near-shore and off-shore users meet minimum communication rate 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integrated communication architecture is studied in the paper?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The paper studies a cooperative system where a shore-based terrestrial base station (TBS) and a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite jointly provide wide-area communication for maritime users.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the paper evaluate system performance?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It analyzes transmission rate and coverage probability separately for near-shore and off-shore users according to the maritime communication environment.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What does the proposed optimization algorithm aim to achieve?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"It maximizes the coverage probability of near-shore users by adjusting the transmission power of the TBS and the LEO satellite, while ensuring both near-shore and off-shore users meet minimum communication rate 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