[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40099-en":3,"doc-seo-40099-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40099,1099513958607,"Jiven","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399",7,"Healthcare","Ocular sarcoidosis","Ocular sarcoidosis presents as sight-threatening ocular manifestations, mainly uveitis and optic neuropathy. Sarcoid anterior uveitis is characterized by mutton-fat keratic precipitates, iris nodules, and posterior synechiae, while posterior involvement includes vitritis, vasculitis, and choroidal lesions. Cystoid macular oedema is highlighted as the most important vision-threatening complication. Epidemiology describes ophthalmologic involvement across ocular structures and discusses variability in prevalence by population and clinical presentation. Treatment focuses on corticosteroids and steroid-sparing immunosuppression when remission requires high systemic doses.","Chapter 18  \nOcular sarcoidosis  \nStéphane Giorgiutti1, Yasmine Serrar2, Thomas El-Jammal 1, Laurent Kodjikian2 and Pascal Sève1  \n1Dept of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France. 2Dept of Ophthalmology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France.  \nCorresponding author: Pascal Sève ( [pascal.seve@chu-lyon.fr](pascal.seve@chu-lyon.fr))  \n\n| Cite as: Giorgiutti S, Serrar Y, El-Jammal T, et al. Ocular sarcoidosis. In: Bonella F, Culver DA, Israël-Biet D, eds. Sarcoidosis (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2022; pp. 267–284 [[https://doi.org/10.1183/](https://doi.org/10.1183/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.1183/)[2312508X.10033120](2312508X.10033120)] .\u003Cbr>@ERSpublications\u003Cbr>Uveitis and optic neuropathy are sight-threatening manifestations in sarcoidosis. Systemic treatment is indicated when uveitis does not respond to topical corticosteroids and in patients with intermediate and posterior uveitis and bilateral involvement. [https://bit.ly/3ozzgsF](https://bit.ly/3ozzgsF)\u003Cbr>Copyright ©ERS 2022 . Print ISBN: 978-1-84984-145-0 . Online ISBN: 978-1-84984-146-7 . Print ISSN: 2312-508X. Online ISSN: 2312-5098 . |\n| --- |\n| \u003Cbr>Sarcoidosis is one of the leading causes of inflammatory eye disease. All ocular structures can be affected but uveitis and optic neuropathy are the two main manifestations responsible for vision loss in ocular sarcoidosis. Typical sarcoid anterior uveitis presents with mutton-fat keratic precipitates, iris nodules and posterior synechiae. Posterior involvement includes vitritis, vasculitis and choroidal lesions. Cystoid macular oedema is the most important and sight-threatening consequence of sarcoid uveitis. Patients with clinically isolated uveitis at diagnosis rarely develop other organ involvement. Even though ocular sarcoidosis can have a severe impact on visual prognosis, early diagnosis and a wider range of available therapies (including intravitreal implants) have lessened the functional impact of the disease, particularly in the last decade. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone of treatment for sarcoidosis but up to 30% of patients achieve remission requiring high dosages of systemic steroids. In these cases, the use of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapy (such as MTX) is unavoidable. Among these immunosuppressive treatments, anti-TNF-α drugs have been a revolution in the management of noninfectious uveitis. |\n| The eye is the second most frequently affected extrathoracic organ in patients with sarcoidosis, with 30–60% developing ophthalmologic involvement during the course of the disease [1–3]. Ocular sarcoidosis can be clinically isolated in 7.7–32.9% of cases depending on the case series. Sarcoidosis can affect all segments of the eye as well as its adnexa (table 1) [4–9] but uveitis, which is a sight-threatening condition, remains the most common ocular manifestation, affecting up to 20–30% of patients with sarcoidosis [10]. This chapter will focus on uveitis using the mostrecent data, including the classification criteria for sarcoidosis-associated uveitis established by the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) working group and the recommendations for the management of ocular sarcoidosis from the International Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis (IWOS) .\u003Cbr>Epidemiology |\n\nOcular sarcoidosis  \nThe prevalence of ocular involvement (including adnexal involvement and sicca syndrome) during sarcoidosis ranges from 10% to 50% in predominantly Caucasian population series [4, 11].  \n[https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10033120](https://doi.org/10.1183/2312508X.10033120) 267  \nERS MONOGRAPH | SARCOIDOSIS  \n\n| TABLE 1 Involvement of ocular structures and adnexa in sarcoidosis (except uveitis) [4–9] |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Location | Description |\n| Lacrimal glands and lacrimal drainage system (10–69%) | Often asymptomatic\u003Cbr>Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (15–31%)\u003Cbr>Enlargement of the glands is less fr","cbCaiiNibqPfTw16","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiNibqPfTw16","pdf",878948,3,1,18,"English","en",105,"# Uveitis and optic nerve manifestations\n## Clinical features of sarcoid uveitis\n## Epidemiology and prevalence by population\n## Ocular structures and adnexa involvement (non-uveitis)","[{\"question\":\"Which ocular manifestations in sarcoidosis are most associated with vision loss?\",\"answer\":\"Uveitis and optic neuropathy are the sight-threatening manifestations responsible for vision loss in ocular sarcoidosis.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the typical features of sarcoid anterior uveitis?\",\"answer\":\"Typical anterior uveitis includes mutton-fat keratic precipitates, iris nodules, and posterior synechiae.\"},{\"question\":\"When is systemic treatment indicated in ocular sarcoidosis?\",\"answer\":\"Systemic treatment is indicated when uveitis does not respond to topical corticosteroids and in patients with intermediate and posterior uveitis with bilateral involvement.\"}]",1783303209,45,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"ocular-sarcoidosis","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ocular-sarcoidosis/40099/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-12","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Which ocular manifestations in sarcoidosis are most associated with vision loss?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Uveitis and optic neuropathy are the sight-threatening manifestations responsible for vision loss in ocular sarcoidosis.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What are the typical features of sarcoid anterior uveitis?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Typical anterior uveitis includes mutton-fat keratic precipitates, iris nodules, and posterior synechiae.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"When is systemic treatment indicated in ocular sarcoidosis?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Systemic treatment is indicated when uveitis does not respond to topical corticosteroids and in patients with intermediate and posterior uveitis with bilateral 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