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Conjunctivitis is identified as the most common lesion, followed by uveitis and retinopathy, with generally favorable prognosis and diagnostic relevance for ocular testing.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/ocular-lesions-related-to-covid-19-and-its-vaccines-review-article/437790/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/ocular-lesions-related-to-covid-19-and-its-vaccines-review-article/437790.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Blitz","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What ocular lesions are most commonly associated with COVID-19 infection?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Conjunctivitis is reported as the most common ocular lesion, followed by uveitis and retinopathy. Conjunctivitis may represent an early sign of COVID-19 infection.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does SARS-CoV-2 relate to ocular involvement and eye-specific detection?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The virus can interact with eye tissues via ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctiva and tears is described as having high sensitivity and diagnostic value.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is the typical prognosis for COVID-19–related ocular lesions and vaccine-associated eye disease?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"COVID-19-related ocular conditions are described as somewhat self-limiting with good prognosis. Vaccine-caused eye lesions are stated to have low incidence and favorable outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},437790,1790958946,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Wiley  \nJournal of Ophthalmology  \nVolume 2025, Article ID 7078264, 17 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/7078264](https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/7078264)  \nReview Article  \nOcular Lesions Related to COVID-19 and Its Vaccines  \nTao Liu, 1 Mengyao Li, 1 Lin Zhu, 1 Ruyu Liang, 1 Peng Zhang,2 and Xiaoli Liu 1  \n1 Ophthalmologic Center of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218, Changchun, China  \n2 Radiology Department of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Ziqiang Street 218, Changchun, China  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Xiaoli Liu; [lpw_lxl@126.com](lpw_lxl@126.com)  \nReceived 25 February 2024; Revised 25 February 2024; Accepted 13 November 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Karuna Sharma  \nCopyright © 2025 Tao Liu et al. Journal of Ophthalmology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Tis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nObjective: To review COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 vaccine-related ocular lesions.  \nMethods: We carried out a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library on COVID-19 and ophthalmology and reviewed the incidence, specifc manifestations, and risk factors for COVID-19-related eye diseases and the relationship between the detection of COVID-19 in the conjunctiva and tears and eye involvement.  \nResults: Conjunctivitis was the most common ocular lesion caused by 2019-nCoV infection, followed by uveitis and retinopathy. Conjunctivitis can be the frst manifestation of COVID-19 infection and may be clinically related to the severity of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 . In particular, conjunctivitis that occurs after pneumonia suggests that the patient has severe systemic disease. COVID-19 infection can cause uveitis, but the infection rate ofCOVID-19 in patients with uveitis is similar to that of the general population. Patients with uveitis need to reduce the dosage of systemic hormones and discontinue biological agents after being infected with COVID-19. Retinopathy caused by COVID-19 infection is mainly manifested as retinal microvascular disease, and the prognosis is good. SARS-CoV-2 detection in the conjunctiva and tears has high sensitivity and is of great value for disease diagnosis. Eye lesions caused by the COVID-19 vaccine, similar to other vaccines, have a low incidence and a good prognosis. Conclusion: COVID-19-related ocular lesions are mainly manifested as conjunctivitis, uveitis, and retinal microvascular changes. Tese diseases are somewhat self-limiting and have a good prognosis.  \nKeywords: conjunctivitis; COVID-19; eye; retinopathy; uveitis  \n1. Introduction  \nSARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious respiratory RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and the Betacoronavirus genus. Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which caused SARS in 2003, and MERS-CoV, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome, are also in the coronavirus genus. SARS-CoV-2 spreads mainly through droplets, aerosols, and contact. It then binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptors in the lungs, intestines, kidneys, and other tissues, causing varying degrees of acute upper and/or lower respiratory syndrome, as well as symptoms [1–4] . Te impact ofCOVID-19 on the eyes has attracted our attention. Its direct infection of the eye surface may lead to conjunctivitis, and the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 may lead to  \nuveitis and other autoimmune eye diseases. COVID-19 also causes blood hypercoagulability, which may result in thrombosis, including retinal vein and artery thrombosis. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread use of steroids has caused a decline in immune status, leading to the occurrence of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM), which has a high mortality rate. Te changes in immune status caused by the COVID-19 vaccine may lead to the onset of uveitis, and vaccine-induced immune thromboc","cbCaiknzFtesSaDI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiknzFtesSaDI","pdf",1936156,17,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods and Subjects\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What ocular lesions are most commonly associated with COVID-19 infection?\",\"answer\":\"Conjunctivitis is reported as the most common ocular lesion, followed by uveitis and retinopathy. Conjunctivitis may represent an early sign of COVID-19 infection.\"},{\"question\":\"How does SARS-CoV-2 relate to ocular involvement and eye-specific detection?\",\"answer\":\"The virus can interact with eye tissues via ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctiva and tears is described as having high sensitivity and diagnostic value.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the typical prognosis for COVID-19–related ocular lesions and vaccine-associated eye disease?\",\"answer\":\"COVID-19-related ocular conditions are described as somewhat self-limiting with good prognosis. Vaccine-caused eye lesions are stated to have low incidence and favorable outcomes.\"}]","Ocular Lesions Related to COVID-19 and Its Vaccines - Review Article | PDF",1790683255,43]