[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-427253-105":59,"doc-detail-427253-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","occupational-licensing-in-later-life-work-and-retirement-decisions-before-and-after-the-covid-19-pandemic","Occupational Licensing in Later Life - Work and Retirement Decisions Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic","","Examines why and how older adults obtain occupational licenses in later life and how this affects their post-licensing work and retirement choices around the COVID-19 pandemic. Uses respondent ages 55–63 from Current Population Studies 2018–2019 and 2023–2024, applying logistic regressions to identify sociodemographic and economic predictors, then clustered competing risk analysis with propensity score matching to compare retirement pathways. Finds pandemic-era gender differences in license attainment and distinct employer and employment-status transitions, suggesting that licensing motivations vary by gender and period while supporting longer work lives through alternative retirement routes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/occupational-licensing-in-later-life-work-and-retirement-decisions-before-and-after-the-covid-19-pandemic/427253/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/occupational-licensing-in-later-life-work-and-retirement-decisions-before-and-after-the-covid-19-pandemic/427253.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Olivia Brown","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study investigate about later-life occupational licensing?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It compares sociodemographic and economic predictors of later-life occupational license attainment and evaluates resulting work and retirement decisions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What methods are used to analyze licensing predictors and retirement pathways?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study first runs logistic regressions to test predictors of later-life license attainment, then uses clustered competing risk analysis with propensity score matching to compare retirement pathways between newly licensed and unlicensed workers across cohorts.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did license attainment change after the pandemic for men and women?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Men’s license attainment decreased after the pandemic (OR = 0.439), while women’s attainment increased (OR = 8.399).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What do the results suggest about the purpose of later-life licensing?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"The purpose differs by gender and time period, and licensing may contribute to longer work lives by enabling alternative retirement pathways.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},427253,1790964254,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":81},16904993612988,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","684 Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2  \noutweighs the benefits for older workers. Contrary to this expectation, a significant proportion of workers attain licenses in their later lives. However, the reasons and outcomes of later-life attainment of occupational licenses are not well-documented. This study investigates and compares the sociodemographic and economic predictors of later-life attainment of occupational licenses and the post-attainment work and retirement decisions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the sample of respondents aged between 55 and 63 from the Current Population Studies 2018-2019 (men = 1,927 and women = 1,576) and 2023-2024 (men = 1,501 and women = 1,182), I first conduct logistic regressions to examine the predictors of later-life attainment. Then, I use clustered competing risk analysis with propensity score matching to compare the choice of retirement pathways of newly licensed and unlicensed workers in pre-and post-pandemic cohorts. The results show that men’s license attainment decreased (OR = 0.439) after the pandemic while women’s attainment increased (OR = 8 .399) . Furthermore, newly licensed women are more likely to move to different employers than unlicensed women before and after the pandemic (SHR = 1.50 and 1.23 respectively), while newly licensed men are more likely to switch to part-time than unlicensed men after the pandemic (SHR = 3.75) . These results imply that the purpose of later-life attainment of occupational licenses varies by gender and period yet contribute to longer work lives by taking on alternative retirement pathways.  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.2334  \nOCCUPATIONAL LICENSING IN LATER LIFE: WORK  \nAND RETIREMENT DECISIONS BEFORE AND AFTER  \nTHE COVID-19 PANDEMIC  \nYun Taek Oh, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States  \nAttaining occupational licenses is considered a career development option for younger workers because the attainment cost","cbCaitSwXH8YeKrZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitSwXH8YeKrZ","pdf",627676,"English","# Occupational Licensing in Later Life: Work and Retirement Decisions Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic\n## Research design and data sources\n## Predictors of later-life licensing attainment\n## Retirement pathway comparisons before vs after the pandemic\n## Key findings and implications","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate about later-life occupational licensing?\",\"answer\":\"It compares sociodemographic and economic predictors of later-life occupational license attainment and evaluates resulting work and retirement decisions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.\"},{\"question\":\"What methods are used to analyze licensing predictors and retirement pathways?\",\"answer\":\"The study first runs logistic regressions to test predictors of later-life license attainment, then uses clustered competing risk analysis with propensity score matching to compare retirement pathways between newly licensed and unlicensed workers across cohorts.\"},{\"question\":\"How did license attainment change after the pandemic for men and women?\",\"answer\":\"Men’s license attainment decreased after the pandemic (OR = 0.439), while women’s attainment increased (OR = 8.399).\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results suggest about the purpose of later-life licensing?\",\"answer\":\"The purpose differs by gender and time period, and licensing may contribute to longer work lives by enabling alternative retirement pathways.\"}]","Occupational Licensing in Later Life - Work and Retirement Decisions Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic | PDF",1790643321]