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Random-effects models estimated relative risks using forest plots, while heterogeneity and potential effect modification were assessed via stratified analyses. Findings showed increased risk for kidney cancer and unspecified urinary tract cancers, with borderline evidence for bladder cancer, and dose-effect support for bladder outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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was the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To evaluate the association between occupational benzene exposure and the risk of urinary tract cancer, including kidney and bladder.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which studies were included, and how were risk estimates calculated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The analysis included 41 cohort and case–control studies identified from the latest IARC benzene monograph and a supplemental literature review, with relative risks estimated using forest plots and a random-effects model.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What were the key findings regarding kidney and bladder cancers?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Occupational benzene exposure was associated with kidney and unspecified urinary tract cancers, and showed borderline statistical significance for bladder 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kidney and bladder cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis  \nMonireh Sadat Seyyedsalehia, Mattia Bonettia, Darshi Shahb, Vincent DeStefanob and Paolo Boffettaa,b,c  \nIntroduction Benzene is recognized as leukemogenic. However, the association between it and solid cancers has been the subject of less investigation. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to benzene and the risk of urinary tract cancer, including kidney and bladder.  \nMethods We included 41 cohort and case–control studies listed in the most recent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph on benzene exposure and the result of a literature review to identify more recent studies. Forest plots of relative risk (RR) were constructed for kidney, bladder, and urinary tract cancer overall. A random-effects model was used to address heterogeneity between studies. Stratified analyses were conducted to explore effect modification.  \nResults Our findings revealed an association between exposure to occupational benzene and kidney and unspecified urinary tract cancers (RR = 1. 20, 95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.39), and an association of borderline statistical significance with bladder cancer (RR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 0.97–1. 18). Publication bias was excluded for both kidney (P = 0.809) and bladder cancer (P = 0. 748). Stratification analysis  \naccording to the selected study characteristics showed no difference except regarding the industry for kidney cancer (P \u003C 0.000), with a stronger association in the chemical industry. An analysis by exposure level did not reveal any trend for kidney cancer, whereas there was a trend (P = 0.01) for bladder cancer.  \nConclusion Our study found an association between occupational benzene exposure and kidney cancer and a dose-effect association between benzene exposure and bladder cancer. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 34: 205–213 Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.  \nEuropean Journal of Cancer Prevention 2025, 34:205–213  \nKeywords: benzene, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, occupational exposure  \na Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy and bDepartment of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine and cStony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA  \nCorrespondence to Paolo Boffetta, MD, MPH, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy  \nTel: +1 646 401 1292; e-mail: [paolo.boffetta@unibo.it](paolo.boffetta@unibo.it)[ ](paolo.boffetta@unibo.it)[Received 28 June 2024 Accepted 10 July 2024](Received 28 June 2024 Accepted 10 July 2024) .  \nIntroduction  \nBenzene is an organic, aromatic hydrocarbon that has been used in a variety of industries (e.g. plastics, dyes, lubricants, synthetic fibers) as a solvent and reagent (Galbraith et al., 2010). Nowadays, it is most frequently found as a contaminant, for example, in gasoline. Benzene is highly toxic and prolonged exposure to it can lead to serious health effects. Benzene has long been recognized as leukemogenic and is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (IARC, 2018). There has been some question as to whether benzene exposure increases the risk of solid cancers, which could represent a significant contribution to the burden of cancer in addition to its impact asa leukemogen; but despite several studies have reported  \nSupplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website ([www.eurjcancerprev.com](www.eurjcancerprev.com)).  \nThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons","cbCaimx3PvodDCtK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimx3PvodDCtK","pdf",1144604,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the association between occupational benzene exposure and the risk of urinary tract cancer, including kidney and bladder.\"},{\"question\":\"Which studies were included, and how were risk estimates calculated?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis included 41 cohort and case–control studies identified from the latest IARC benzene monograph and a supplemental literature review, with relative risks estimated using forest plots and a random-effects model.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key findings regarding kidney and bladder cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Occupational benzene exposure was associated with kidney and unspecified urinary tract cancers, and showed borderline statistical significance for bladder cancer.\"}]","Occupational benzene exposure and risk of kidney and bladder cancers - a systematic review and meta-analysis | PDF",1790000318,23]