[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-336214-105":59,"doc-detail-336214-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","occupation-and-tongue-cancer-in-nordic-countries","Occupation and tongue cancer in Nordic countries","","Almost 200,000 tongue cancers were diagnosed worldwide in 2020, and occupational variation in risk for this malignancy was investigated. Data from the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) study included 14.9 million people, with 9,020 tongue cancer cases diagnosed during 1961–2005. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated by occupation using national incidence as reference. Men showed statistically elevated incidence in several occupations, while women had significant elevation only among waitresses, and some occupations had reduced risk.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/occupation-and-tongue-cancer-in-nordic-countries/336214/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/occupation-and-tongue-cancer-in-nordic-countries/336214.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Emma Wilson","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study on tongue cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To describe how tongue cancer occupational risk varied across occupational categories.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What data and population were used in the analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study used the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) cohort, comprising 14.9 million people from Nordic countries, with 9,020 tongue cancer cases diagnosed during 1961–2005.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How were occupational risks quantified for each occupation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Occupational risks were expressed using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), comparing each occupational category to national incidence rates as the reference.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},336214,1790434539,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},3848291630094,"https://eur-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Peltonen etal. BMCOral Health (2024) 24:506 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04172-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04172-2)  \nBMC Oral Health  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nOccupation and tongue cancer in Nordic countries  \nJohanna Peltonen 1,2*, Rayan Nikkilä3,5,13, Ahmed Al-Samadi 1,2,15, Antti Mäkitie3,4,5, Jan Ivar Martinsen6,  \nKristina Kjaerheim6, Elsebeth Lynge7, Par Sparen8, Laufey Tryggvadottir9,10, Elisabete Weiderpass 11, Tuula Salo 1,2,12 and Eero Pukkala 13,14  \nAbstract  \nPurpose Almost 200,000 tongue cancers were diagnosed worldwide in 2020. The aim of this study was to describe occupational risk variation in this malignancy.  \nMethods The data are based on the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) study containing 14.9 million people from the Nordic countries with 9020 tongue cancers diagnosed during 1961–2005. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of tongue cancer in each occupational category was calculated using national incidence rates as the reference. Results Among men, the incidence was statistically significantly elevated in waiters (SIR 4 . 36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.13-–5. 92), beverage workers (SIR 3 .42, 95% CI 2.02-5.40), cooks and stewards (SIR 2 . 55, 95% CI 1.82-3.48), seamen (SIR 1. 66, 95% CI 1.36-2. 00), journalists (SIR 1. 85, 95% CI 1.18-2. 75), artistic workers (SIR 2 . 05, 95% CI 1.54- 2. 66), hairdressers (SIR 2 . 17, 95% CI 1.39-3. 22), and economically inactive persons (SIR 1. 57, 95% CI 1.42-1. 73) . Among women, the SIR was statistically significantly elevated only in waitresses (SIR 1. 39, 95% CI 1.05-1. 81) . Statistically significant SIRs ≤0.63 were observed in male farmers, gardeners, forestry workers and teachers, and in female launderers.  \nConclusions These findings may be related to consumption of alcohol and tobacco, but the effect of carcinogenic exposure from work cannot be excluded.  \nKeywords Tongue cancer, Nordic, Occupation  \nDisclaimer Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization.  \n*Correspondence:  \nJohanna Peltonen [johanna.peltonen@helsinki.fi](johanna.peltonen@helsinki.fi)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \nIntroduction  \nA total of 378,000 new oral cancer cases (including the lip) were diagnosed worldwide in 2020, 264 000 among men and 114 000 among women [1]. Almost 50% of all oral cancer cases are located in the tongue, and more than 90% of them are squamous cell carcinomas [2, 3]. The 5-year relative survival of the tongue cancer patients diagnosed 2011–2020 in Finland was 64% in men and 75% in women [4]. The main risk factors for oral tongue cancer are smoking and alcohol consumption. Mucosal changes, such as erythroplakia and lichen planus may also increase the risk [5, 6].  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/l](http://creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ([h","cbCailcJ62HKRQNH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailcJ62HKRQNH","pdf",796199,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods\n## Cohort and case identification","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study on tongue cancer?\",\"answer\":\"To describe how tongue cancer occupational risk varied across occupational categories.\"},{\"question\":\"What data and population were used in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The study used the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) cohort, comprising 14.9 million people from Nordic countries, with 9,020 tongue cancer cases diagnosed during 1961–2005.\"},{\"question\":\"How were occupational risks quantified for each occupation?\",\"answer\":\"Occupational risks were expressed using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), comparing each occupational category to national incidence rates as the reference.\"}]","Occupation and tongue cancer in Nordic countries | PDF",1790014151,13]