[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40355-en":3,"doc-seo-40355-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40355,8796095462418,"Noah","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780",2,"Literature","Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of Its Enemies","Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of Its Enemies presents an analysis of how Japanese and other Eastern thinkers constructed “the West” during the modern era, especially around World War II. It examines intellectual debates on “overcoming the modern,” defining Westernization as disease or “European thing,” and critiques of capitalism, specialized knowledge, science, democracy, and Hollywood culture. The text links these ideas to nationalist zeal and the promotion of a new Asian order under Japanese leadership.","[OCCIDENTALISM]  \n[ALS□ BY IAN BURUMA]  \nInventing Japan,I853-I964  \nBad Elements:Chinese Rebels from Los.Angeles to Beijing  \nThe Missionary and the Libertine:Love and War in East and West  \nAnglomania:A European Love Affair  \nThe Wages of Guilt:Memories of War in Germany and Japan  \nPlaying the Game  \nGod's Dust:A Modern Asian Journey  \nBehind the Mask:On Sexual Demons,Sacred Mothers,Transvestites,Gangsters and Other Japanese Cultural Heroes  \n[ALS□ BY AVISHAI MARGALIT]  \nThe Ethics of Memory  \nViews and Reviews:Politics and Culture in the State of the Jews  \nThe Decent Society  \nIdolatry (with Mosbe Halbertal)  \n[□cCIDENTALISM]  \nTHE WEST IN THE EYESOF ITS ENEMIES  \nIAN BURUMAAVISHAI MARGALIT  \nTHB PENGUIN PRESS  \nNew York 2004  \nTHE PENGUIN PRESS  \na member of  \nPenguin Group(USA)Inc.  \n375 Hudson Street  \nNew York,New York 10014  \nCopyright CIan Buruma and Avishai Margalit,2004All rights reserved  \nPortions of this book appeared in different form in an essay entitled “\"Occidentalism,\"The New York Review of Books,January 17,2002.  \nGrateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint excerpts from“Chorusesfrom \"The Rock'\"from Colected Poems 1909-1962 by T.S.Eliot.Copyright I936by Harcourt,Inc.Copyright CI964,I963 byT.S.Eliot.Reprinted by permission of Harcourt,Inc.,and Faber and Faber.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nBuruma,Jan.  \nOccidentalism:the Westin the eyes of its enemies/Ian Buruma and Avisha Mangalit.米Pcm米Includes index.ISBN I-59420-008-4  \nI.Civilization,Westefng 2Developing countries—Civilization—Western influences.  \nI.Margalit,Avishai,I939-Ⅱ.Title.CB245.B87520042003062374303.48'I7240I82I—dc22  \nThis book is printed on acid-free paper.◎  \nPrinted in the United States of America357910864  \nDESIGNED BY MEIGHAN CAVANAUGH  \nWithout limiting the rights under copyright reserved above,no part of this publication may bereproduced,stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by anymeans(electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise),without the prior writtenpermission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.  \nThe scanning,uploading,and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any othermeans without the permission of the publisher isillegal and punishable by law.Please purchaseonly authorized electronic editions and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy ofcopyrighted materials.Your support of the author's rights is appreciated.  \nFor Robert B.Silvers  \n[CONTENTS]  \nWar Against the West  \n1  \nThe Occidental City  \n13  \nHeroes and Merchants  \n49  \nMind of the West  \nThe Wrath of God  \n101  \nSeeds of Revolution  \n[WAR AGAINST THE WEST]  \n137  \nNotes  \n151  \nIndex  \nN JULY.I942,JUST SEVEN MONTHS AFTER THE JAPA-nese bombed the American feet in Pearl Harbor and over-whelmed the Western powers in Southeast Asia,a number ofdistinguished Japanese scholars and intellectuals gathered fora conference in Kyoto.Some were literati of the so-called Ro-mantic Group;others were philosophers of the Buddhist/Hegelian Kyoto School.Their topic of discussion was “howto overcome the modern.”I  \n157  \nIt was a time of nationalist zeal,and the intellectuals whoattended the conference were all nationalists in one way oranother,but oddly enough the war itself,in China,Hawaii,orSoutheast Asia,was barely mentioned.At least one of thoseattending,Hayashi Fusao,a former Marxist turned ardent  \n2 ||OCCIDENTALISM  \nnationalist,later wrote that the assault on the West had filledhim with jubilation.Even though he was in freezing Manchuriawhen he heard the news,it felt as though dark clouds hadlifted to reveal a clear summer sky.No doubt similar emo-tions came over many of his colleagues.But war propagandawas not the ostensible point of the conference.These men—the literary romantics,as much as the philosophers—hadbeen interested in overcoming the modern long before the at-tack on Pearl Harbor.Their conclusions,to the extent thatthey had","cbCaicAMC0NbVekC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicAMC0NbVekC","pdf",6328474,4,1,89,"English","en",105,"# War Against the West\n## The Occidental City\n## Heroes and Merchants\n## Mind of the West\n## The Wrath of God\n## Seeds of Revolution\n# Notes\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What central idea does the book trace in its chapter on “War Against the West”?\",\"answer\":\"It traces how Japanese scholars framed their struggle against the West by interpreting “the modern” as Western influence, describing Westernization as destructive and in need of being overcome.\"},{\"question\":\"How did participants define “the West” during the 1942 Kyoto conference?\",\"answer\":\"They treated “the West” as an elusive but dominant meaning behind “the modern,” often blaming Westernization for splitting spiritual wholeness and for promoting harmful specialization, science, capitalism, and ideas of individual freedom and democracy.\"},{\"question\":\"What role did culture and propaganda play in shaping views of the West?\",\"answer\":\"Culture was used to contrast spiritual, traditional Oriental community with a shallow, rootless Western civilization, and although the conference debated these themes, the ideas could later serve nationalist and wartime propaganda under Japanese 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