[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-633410-105":59,"doc-detail-633410-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","object-relations-dependency-and-attachment-a-theoretical-review-of-the-infant-mother-relationship","OBJECT RELATIONS, DEPENDENCY, AND ATTACHMENT - A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP","","A theoretical review examines how the infant-mother relationship originates and develops through three major perspectives: psychoanalytic object relations, social learning theories of dependency and attachment, and an ethologically oriented attachment approach. The analysis contrasts the overlapping but distinct meanings of object relations, dependency, and attachment, focusing on genetic predispositions, behavioral system processes, reinforcement versus feedback, attachment strength, internal representations, and activation conditions. It concludes by considering links between theory and research methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/object-relations-dependency-and-attachment-a-theoretical-review-of-the-infant-mother-relationship/633410/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/object-relations-dependency-and-attachment-a-theoretical-review-of-the-infant-mother-relationship/633410.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the three theoretical approaches reviewed for the infant-mother relationship?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review compares psychoanalytic object relations, social learning theories of dependency and attachment, and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do object relations, dependency, and attachment differ even though they overlap?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They are not synonymous and are linked to distinct theories of the origin and development of early interpersonal relations; differences include specificity of relationships and the conceptual role of behavioral systems and reinforcement.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does attachment mean in this review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Attachment is an affectional tie a person (or animal) forms to a specific individual; it is discriminating and tends to endure rather than describe transient or purely situational relations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},633410,1792746592,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Child Development, 1969, 40, 969-1025  \nOBJECT RELATIONS, DEPENDENCY, AND ATTACHMENT: A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP  \nMARY D. SALTER AINSWORTH  \nJohns Hopkins University  \n3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development of the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of object relations, social learning theories of dependency (and attachment), and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment.\"Object relations,\" \"dependency,\" and \"attachment,\" although overlapping, are seen to differ substantially. Among the concepts in regard to which there are significant intertheoretical differences, the following are discussed: genetic \"biases,\" reinforcement as compared with activation and termination of behavioral systems and with feedback, strength o f attachment behavior versus strength of attachment, inner representation of the object, intra-organismic and environmental conditions of behavioral activation, and the role of intra-organismic organization and structure. Finally, the relation between theory and research methods is considered.  \nThree terms have been commonly used to characterize the infant's relationship with his mother: \"object relations,\" \"dependency,\" and \"attachment. \" Although they overlap somewhat in their connotations, these terms are not synonymous . Each is more or less closely tied to a distinctive theoretical formulation of the origin and development of early interpersonal relations.  \nThe concept of object relations stems from psychoanalytic instinct theory. The \"object\"of an instinct is the agent through which the instinctual aim is achieved, and the agent is usually conceived as being another person. It is generally agreed that the infant's first object is his mother. The origin of object relations lies in the first year of life, and most, although not all, psychoanalysts have viewed the infant's initial relationship with his mother as being essentially oral in nature. The major theoretical division, however, is between those who hold that there are at least prototypical object relations from the beginning and those who hold that \"true\" object relations grow out of and supplant the infant's earlier dependency relationship with his mother.  \nAlthough the term dependency has been used by some psychoanalysts to characterize the infant's preobjectal relations, it is especially linked to social learning theories. These theories follow the psychoanalytic lead in conceiving the origin of interpersonal relations to lie in the infant's dependence on his mother. (Although \"dependency\" and\"dependence\" may be used interchangeably, \"dependency\" has been preferred as a  \nObject Relations, Attachment & Dependency Mary D.S. Ainsworth  \ntechnical term in scientific and professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning histories. Or, more recently, dependency has been viewed by learning theorists as a class of behaviors, learned in the context of the infant's dependency relationship with his mother, and reinforced in the course of her care of him and interaction with him. In any case, although the first dependecy relationship is a specific one-with the mother or mother substitute dependency is viewed as generalizing to other subsequent interpersonal relations and to be commonly nonspecific in its implications . Dependence connotes a state of helplessness. Behavior described as dependent implies seeking not only contact with and proximity to other persons but also help attention, and approval; what is sought and received is significant, not the person from whom it is sought or received. Dependency in the psychoanalytic context also has nonspecific implications, but object relations once acquired are considered sharply specific. ","cbCait3uQShVtgsm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait3uQShVtgsm","pdf",277472,49,"English","# Conceptual overview\n## Object relations, dependency, and attachment\n# Object relations in psychoanalytic theory\n## Origins, oral nature, and developmental shift\n# Dependency in social learning theories\n## Learned drives and behavior classes\n# Attachment in ethological and psychological literature\n## Affectional tie, specificity, and endurance\n# Key contrasts and implications\n## Specificity vs nonspecificity and theory-research methods","[{\"question\":\"What are the three theoretical approaches reviewed for the infant-mother relationship?\",\"answer\":\"The review compares psychoanalytic object relations, social learning theories of dependency and attachment, and an ethologically oriented theory of attachment.\"},{\"question\":\"How do object relations, dependency, and attachment differ even though they overlap?\",\"answer\":\"They are not synonymous and are linked to distinct theories of the origin and development of early interpersonal relations; differences include specificity of relationships and the conceptual role of behavioral systems and reinforcement.\"},{\"question\":\"What does attachment mean in this review?\",\"answer\":\"Attachment is an affectional tie a person (or animal) forms to a specific individual; it is discriminating and tends to endure rather than describe transient or purely situational relations.\"}]","OBJECT RELATIONS, DEPENDENCY, AND ATTACHMENT - A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP | PDF",1792672105,123]