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Dogs are omnivores and cats are strict carnivores, but wholly meat-based diets still fail to meet essential needs. Such diets are low in digestible carbohydrates and fiber, contributing to gastrointestinal problems, diarrhea, and hypovitaminosis A and D with skeletal complications. High dietary phosphate can impair renal handling, promoting chronic kidney disease, bone breakdown, osteoporosis-like signs, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low carbohydrates also push canine protein loss through gluconeogenesis, causing protein deficiency, while soluble fiber, carbohydrates, fats, and an appropriate calcium-to-phosphorus ratio help prevent these effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nutritional-risks-and-consequences-of-meat-only-diets-for-dogs-and-cats-review-article/402871/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nutritional-risks-and-consequences-of-meat-only-diets-for-dogs-and-cats-review-article/402871.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"asba","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why do meat-only diets pose nutritional risks for cats and dogs?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Although cats are strict carnivores and dogs are omnivores, an exclusive meat diet does not provide digestible carbohydrates and fiber, which can contribute to gastrointestinal problems and other nutrient-related complications.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What gastrointestinal problems can result from meat-only feeding?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Meat-only diets are poor in digestible carbohydrates and fiber, and this lack can cause gastrointestinal problems and diarrhea.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does high dietary phosphate relate to chronic kidney disease in these diets?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"High dietary phosphate reduces renal phosphate reabsorption and increases vulnerability to chronic kidney disease, accompanied by worsening calcium reabsorption and bone-related consequences.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},402871,1790823266,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},3985747872567,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","| | | |  | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Review article\u003Cbr>Nutritional risks and consequences of meat-only diets for dogs\u003Cbr>and cats\u003Cbr>Sina S. Tazerji 1*, Ali Elahinia 1*, Baharak Akhtardanesh2, Farrokhreza Kabir 1, Bita Vazir3 Phelipe M. Duarte4, Pouneh Hajipour2, Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad F. Ilyas6, Sahar\u003Cbr>Hassanzadeh 1, Rasha Gharieb7\u003Cbr>1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran\u003Cbr>2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran\u003Cbr>3 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran\u003Cbr>4 Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil\u003Cbr>5 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (54000), Punjab-Pakistan\u003Cbr>6 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan\u003Cbr>7 Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt\u003Cbr>|  |  |  |  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Article History:\u003Cbr>Received: 28-Dec-2023\u003Cbr>Accepted: 05-Apr-2024\u003Cbr>*Corresponding author:\u003Cbr>Sina S. Tazerji\u003Cbr>[sina.salajegheh@gmail.com](sina.salajegheh@gmail.com)[ ](sina.salajegheh@gmail.com)Ali Elahinia\u003Cbr>[elahinia.ali75@gmail.com](elahinia.ali75@gmail.com) |  |  | Abstract\u003Cbr>Suitable nutrition is one of the most significant issues that always needs to be considered in the health maintenance of living beings. One of the misconceptions of many societies is the exclusive feeding of meat to cats and dogs. Dogs and cats are carnivorous animals; more specifically, cats are strict or true carnivores, while dogs are omnivores. Although cats are true carnivores, an exclusive diet of meat will not cover their needs. Wholly meat-based diets might be rich in many nutrients and minerals, but they are poor in digestible carbohydrates and fiber. Lack of carbohydrates can cause gastrointestinal problems and diarrhea. Also, due to hypovitaminosis A and D caused by such diets, skeletal diseases can be one of the serious consequences. High dietary phosphate > 11.8 g in dry matter (DM) reduces renal phosphate reabsorption and increases vulnerability to chronic kidney disease. As phosphate excretion and reduction of calcium reabsorption continue, bone decomposition, symptoms of osteoporosis, and secondary hyperparathyroidism occur. In wholly meat-based canine diets, a lack of carbohydrates compels the animal to use protein in the gluconeogenesis process to produce glucose. As a result, the body goes through protein deficiency and its side effects. To maintain digestive system health and prevent diarrhea, the diet must include soluble fiber. Also, the presence of carbohydrates and fats is essential. Preserving the correct calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) can be solved by adding carbohydrates or using meats with a lower phosphorus content.\u003Cbr>Keywords: Exclusive meat diet, Rickets, Chronic kidney diseases, Hyperparathyroidism |  |  |\n|  |  |  | Citation: Tazerji, S. S., Elahinia, A. , Akhtardanesh, B., Kabir, F. , Vazir, B., Duarte, P. M., Hajipour, P., Rehman, A. , Ilyas, M. F., Hassanzadeh, S. , Gharieb, R. 2024. Nutritional risks and consequences of meat-only diets for dogs and cats. Ger. J. Vet. Res. 4 (1): 62-76.\u003Cbr>[https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0076](https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.1.0076) |  |  |\n\nIntroduction  \nBoth dogs and cats are carnivores; more specifically, dogs are omnivores, and cats are strict or true carnivores (Fascetti and Delaney, 2012) . Despite being obligate carnivores, dogs' dietary needs have changed somewhat as a result of domestication. Wolves are the ancestors of dogs. Dogs are now able to consume a wider range of items, such as meat, grains, vegetables, and fruits, as part of an omnivorous diet. Genomes of modern dogs","cbCaiq1tZZwmV6Rm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiq1tZZwmV6Rm","pdf",1096125,"English","# Introduction\n## Carbohydrates, fiber, and gastrointestinal effects\n## Hypovitaminosis A and D and skeletal outcomes\n## Phosphate, calcium, and kidney disease pathways\n## Protein deficiency and gluconeogenesis in dogs\n## Nutritional components to improve outcomes","[{\"question\":\"Why do meat-only diets pose nutritional risks for cats and dogs?\",\"answer\":\"Although cats are strict carnivores and dogs are omnivores, an exclusive meat diet does not provide digestible carbohydrates and fiber, which can contribute to gastrointestinal problems and other nutrient-related complications.\"},{\"question\":\"What gastrointestinal problems can result from meat-only feeding?\",\"answer\":\"Meat-only diets are poor in digestible carbohydrates and fiber, and this lack can cause gastrointestinal problems and diarrhea.\"},{\"question\":\"How does high dietary phosphate relate to chronic kidney disease in these diets?\",\"answer\":\"High dietary phosphate reduces renal phosphate reabsorption and increases vulnerability to chronic kidney disease, accompanied by worsening calcium reabsorption and bone-related consequences.\"}]","Nutritional risks and consequences of meat-only diets for dogs and cats - Review article | PDF",1790534808,38]