[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-332404-105":3,"doc-detail-332404-en":85,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":103},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":78,"head_meta":80,"extra_data":82,"updated_unix":84},105,"en","nutrition-intervention-and-microbiome-modulation-in-the-management-of-breast-cancer","Nutrition Intervention and Microbiome Modulation in the Management of Breast Cancer","","Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related death in women. Rising incidence highlights the need for multi-level care in a heterogeneous disease shaped by genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. This review synthesizes evidence that nutrition intervention may support prevention and treatment, while the gut microbiome—linked to BC risk and progression—mediates key mechanisms. Focus areas include dietary patterns, bioactive compounds, and nutrients, integrating animal and human findings, and discusses combined nutrition–microbe approaches for comprehensive management.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nutrition-intervention-and-microbiome-modulation-in-the-management-of-breast-cancer/332404/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nutrition-intervention-and-microbiome-modulation-in-the-management-of-breast-cancer/332404.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Asher","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is nutrition intervention considered important in breast cancer management?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Nutrition intervention is presented as an evolving prevention and treatment strategy, supported by evidence linking dietary patterns, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds to improved outcomes in patients and survivors.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the gut microbiome relate to breast cancer?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review explains that the gut microbiome influences health and disease status, is associated with breast cancer risk and development, and can contribute through both tumor-promoting inflammation and modulation of anticancer immune responses.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What dietary components are described as potentially increasing breast cancer risk?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The text highlights carbohydrates, saturated fats, and red meats as nutrients that may increase risk, associated with higher endogenous estrogen, IGF-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Which nutrition-related factors are described as protective against breast cancer progression?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Fiber, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and beneficial vitamins from fruits and vegetables are described as reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, potentially slowing development and progression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":79,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":81,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":83,"site_id":7},332404,1790633992,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":87},"success",{"doc_id":83,"user_id":88,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":89,"doc_module":4,"category_id":90,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":91,"file_id":92,"file_url":93,"file_type":94,"file_size":95,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":96,"language":97,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":98,"faqs":99,"seo_title":100,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":101,"read_time":102,"preview_page_count":4},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"nutrients   \nReview  \nNutrition Intervention and Microbiome Modulation in the Management of Breast Cancer  \nYue Jiang and Yuanyuan Li *  \nCitation: Jiang, Y.; Li, Y. Nutrition Intervention and Microbiome Modulation in the Management of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2644 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162644](https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162644)  \nAcademic Editor: Lynnette Ferguson  \nReceived: 18 July 2024  \nRevised: 6 August 2024  \nAccepted: 8 August 2024  \nPublished: 10 August 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; [yjiang11@umd.edu](yjiang11@umd.edu)  \n* Correspondence: [roseli15@umd.edu](roseli15@umd.edu)  \nAbstract: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. The escalating incidence of BC underscores the necessity of multi-level treatment. BC is a complex and heterogeneous disease involving many genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Growing evidence suggests that nutrition intervention is an evolving effective prevention and treatment strategy for BC. In addition, the human microbiota, particularly the gut microbiota, is now widely recognized as a significant player contributing to health or disease status. It is also associated with the risk and development of BC. This review will focus on nutrition intervention in BC, including dietary patterns, bioactive compounds, and nutrients that affect BC prevention and therapeutic responses in both animal and human studies. Additionally, this paper examines the impacts of these nutrition interventions on modulating the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome, highlighting the microbiome-mediated mechanisms in BC. The combination treatment of nutrition factors and microbes is also discussed. Insights from this review paper emphasize the necessity of comprehensive BC management that focuses on the nutrition–microbiome axis.  \nKeywords: breast cancer; gut microbiome; nutrition intervention; bioactive compound  \n1. Introduction  \nBreast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers globally and usually occurs among women. As Western dietary patterns prevail globally, characterized by the increased consumption of processed, sweetened, and high-fat food, the incidence of BC is rising in both developed and developing countries [1] . Other BC-related factors include early menarche, low physical activity, and delayed childbirth [1] . Clinically, BC is a complicated and heterogeneous disease that requires a multifaceted management approach. Although the incidence rate is increasing, the survival rate is also rising, attributed to increased public health awareness, early detection, and advanced cancer therapies. An increasing number of studies focusing on various dietary patterns, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds indicate the importance of nutrition intervention in improving treatment outcomes in BC patients and survivors [2] .  \nThe gut microbiome, known for its significant influence on human health, has emerged as a crucial study area in understanding BC progression. Although the exact causes of cancer have not been clarified yet, statistics show that microorganisms may be a contributor to about 15–20% of cases of cancer progression [3] . Considering the significant roles of the gut microbiome in human health, studies of the effects of the microbiome on BC progression have become vital areas [4] . Recent studies have focused on unraveling the complexities of how the diversity, composition, and functionality of microbiomes, notably the gut microbiome, affect BC treatm","cbCaineHUiqQuitI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaineHUiqQuitI","pdf",1056467,40,"English","# Introduction\n## Breast cancer risk and treatment complexity\n## Gut microbiome as a driver in breast cancer progression\n## Nutrition factors and microbiome-associated mechanisms","[{\"question\":\"Why is nutrition intervention considered important in breast cancer management?\",\"answer\":\"Nutrition intervention is presented as an evolving prevention and treatment strategy, supported by evidence linking dietary patterns, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds to improved outcomes in patients and survivors.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the gut microbiome relate to breast cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review explains that the gut microbiome influences health and disease status, is associated with breast cancer risk and development, and can contribute through both tumor-promoting inflammation and modulation of anticancer immune responses.\"},{\"question\":\"What dietary components are described as potentially increasing breast cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights carbohydrates, saturated fats, and red meats as nutrients that may increase risk, associated with higher endogenous estrogen, IGF-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.\"},{\"question\":\"Which nutrition-related factors are described as protective against breast cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"Fiber, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and beneficial vitamins from fruits and vegetables are described as reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, potentially slowing development and progression.\"}]","Nutrition Intervention and Microbiome Modulation in the Management of Breast Cancer | PDF",1789998072,101,{"code":4,"msg":86,"data":104},[105,109,113,117,122,127,131,134,138,141,145],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":130},7,"Healthcare","healthcare",{"id":90,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":133},30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":136,"slug":137},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":139,"show_sort_weight":136,"slug":140},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":142,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":142,"slug":144},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":146,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":147,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":148},19,"General","general"]