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Nutrition both shapes HCC development and reflects the consequences of chronic liver disease and advanced cancer. Routine screening, validated nutrition assessment, and evaluation of muscle mass and functional status are emphasized for optimal care. Evidence supports oral nutritional supplements, branched-chain amino acids, exercise, and enteral nutrition over parenteral approaches, guided by disease stage and treatment intent.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nutrition-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-pathophysiological-insights-impact-and-implications-for-clinical-practice/459519/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nutrition-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-pathophysiological-insights-impact-and-implications-for-clinical-practice/459519.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is malnutrition particularly important in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Malnutrition is highly prevalent in HCC and substantially worsens morbidity and mortality. 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Malnutrition is highly prevalent among people living with HCC and has a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Nutrition influences the development of HCC and is also a consequence of chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Routine screening and nutritional assessment using validated tools, along with evaluation of muscle mass and functional status, are essential in the optimal care of patients with HCC. Nutritional interventions may change throughout the disease trajectory depending on the stage of HCC, the severity of liver cirrhosis, and the overall treatment options and intent. Evidence supports the use of oral nutritional supplements, branchedchain amino acids, exercise interventions, and the preferential use of enteral over parenteral nutrition. Optimizing nutrition is integral to HCC management across all disease stages and is best accomplished with a multidisciplinary team to individualize the nutritional care across the disease continuum. In this review, we summarize current evidence on the impact and role of nutritional therapy in HCC and provide actionable recommendations for clinical practice. We highlight the current challenges and provide future directions for future HCC nutritional care pathways.  \n1 | Introduction  \nHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a predominant cause of malignancy, ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide [1] . With a 5-year survival rate of 18% and 2.3% in metastatic advanced disease [2], HCC represents a major global health burden largely due to its asymptomatic presentation and often late-stage diagnosis. Together with shifting etiological patterns, the incidence and mortality of HCC are now increasingly driven by the rising global prevalence of an aging population. Conditions such as metabolic syndrome, obesity,  \ntype 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are emerging as key drivers of HCC, surpassing viral etiologies like hepatitis B and C [3] . Unlike other malignancies, HCC poses a unique and complex nutritional challenge due to its development within the context of chronic liver disease. Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and metabolic derangements are particularly prevalent inpatients with HCC due to the compounded effects of underlying cirrhosis and its associated sequelae—hepatic dysfunction, impaired nutrient metabolism and tumor-related catabolism [4] . Whereas nutritional compromise in other malignancies is often secondary to advanced disease or treatment-related side effects,  \n\n| Valerie Josephine Dirjayanto and Deanna So Man Yiu are co-first authors—these authors contributed equally. |\n| --- |\n| This is an open access ar","cbCaira1Viv4GamZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaira1Viv4GamZ","pdf",1477264,18,"English","# Introduction\n# Pathophysiological Basis of Malnutrition in HCC","[{\"question\":\"Why is malnutrition particularly important in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?\",\"answer\":\"Malnutrition is highly prevalent in HCC and substantially worsens morbidity and mortality. It is driven by factors such as chronic liver dysfunction, impaired nutrient metabolism, inflammation, hypermetabolism, and cancer-related cachexia.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review recommend for nutritional management in HCC patients?\",\"answer\":\"Routine screening and nutritional assessment using validated tools are essential, including evaluation of muscle mass and functional status. Nutritional interventions should be individualized by HCC stage, severity of cirrhosis, and overall treatment goals.\"},{\"question\":\"Which nutritional strategies does the evidence support in HCC care?\",\"answer\":\"The review supports oral nutritional supplements, branched-chain amino acids, exercise interventions, and preferential use of enteral nutrition rather than parenteral nutrition. It also emphasizes multidisciplinary, individualized care across the disease trajectory.\"}]","Nutrition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Pathophysiological Insights, Impact, and Implications for Clinical Practice | PDF",1790756113,45]