[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-442262-105":59,"doc-detail-442262-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","nutrient-requirements-of-domestic-animals","NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS","","Report on nutrient requirements for domestic animals within a biological energy framework. Defines and standardizes energy-related units and symbols used in nutrition literature, including calorie, kilocalorie, megacalorie, gross energy, and metabolic body size, and explains conventional versus true energy distribution schemes. Clarifies how energy is apportioned for calculating digestible, metabolizable, net, and maintenance energy, including differences in how fecal metabolic and urinary endogenous fractions are treated, and specifies conventional-scheme equations for key energy measures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nutrient-requirements-of-domestic-animals/442262/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nutrient-requirements-of-domestic-animals/442262.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the report include regarding energy terms for nutrition literature?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It provides a suggested glossary of abbreviations and symbols for energy terms, including definitions for calorie, kilocalorie, megacalorie, gross energy, and metabolic body size.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do the conventional and true energy distribution schemes differ?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"In the conventional scheme, fecal metabolic energy and endogenous urinary energy are treated as losses, while in the true energy distribution scheme these fractions are part of maintenance energy requirements.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is “apparent” energy under the conventional scheme?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Digestible, metabolizable, N-corrected metabolizable, net, and maintenance energy are described as “apparent” because the scheme omits the explicit historical term “apparent” and aligns calculations with prior literature values.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},442262,1792217611,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","# Biological EnergyInterrelationshipsandGlossary ofEnergy Terms\n\nREVISED 1966  \n# NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS\n\nT1ohd Research Council,Cohamee 。/MAn1mcl Nutrit10n  \nBiological EnergyInterrelationshipsandGlossary of  \nEnergy Terms  \nFIRST REVISED EDITION 1966  \nA Report of the  \nCOMMITTEE ON ANIMAL NUTRITIONof the  \nAGRICULTURAL BOARD  \nDIVISION OF BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURENATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCESNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL  \nPrepared byLorin E.Harris  \nTHIS ITEM HAS BEENDISCARDED BY THEUNIVERSITYOF PUGET SOUNDCOLLINS MEMORIAL LIBRARY  \nPublication 1411NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCESNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCILWASHINGTON,D.C.1966  \nhttps://archive.org/details/biologicalenergy0000unse  \n# BIOLOGICAL ENERGYINTERRELATIONSHIPSAND\n\nGLOSSARY OFENERGY TERMS  \nA list of suggested abbreviations and symbols for energy terms is given inAppendix 1.  \ncalorie(cal)As usually used in nutrition literature,a small calorie is theamount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g water to 15.5℃from 14.5℃.However,since the specific heat of water changes withtemperature,a calorie may be defined more precisely as 4.1860 inter-national joules.The “c”is always written as a lower case letter todifferentiate it from Calorie spelled with a capital“C”(1,000 smallcalories)under the older usage.The first word in a sentence shouldnot be calorie,because it would then have to be written with a capitalletter;this would lead to confusion with a large Calorie.  \nKilocalorie(kcal)A kilocalorie is 1,000 small calories.Kilocalorie ispreferred to Calorie because it avoids difficulty of differentiating be-tween calorie(small“c”)and Calorie (large “C”).  \nMegacalorie(Mcal)A megacalorie is equivalent to 1,000 kcal or  \n1,000,000 cal.A megacalorie is equivalent to a therm.Megacalorie isthe preferred term.  \nGross energy(GE)is the amount of heat,measured in calories,that isreleased when a substance is completely oxidized in a bomb calorimetercontaining 25 to 30 atmospheres of oxygen.Similar term:heat ofcombustion.  \nMetabolic body size(W0.75)¹is defined as the weight of the animal raisedto the three-fourths power.Appendix 2 gives values for the conversionof body weight (0.001 to 1050 kg)to metabolic size(Wk⁰.75).  \n## EXPLANATION OF TERMS UNDER CONVENTIONAL SCHEME ANDTRUE ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SCHEME\n\nUsually the various energy measures are expressed on the basis of a timeinterval such as 24 hr,but they can be expressed on any time interval byusing appropriate factors.When making up feed composition tables,theenergy measures are usually expressed on a per unit(kg,g,Ib,etc.)basis.It is preferable to state the composition on an “as fed”and a “moisture-free”basis;the dry matter should also be stated on an “as fed”basis.If requirements are expressed on a moisture-free basis,it makes computa-tions of diets simpler for calculation by hand or for linear programming.  \nEfficiency values can be expressed in terms of percentage of any energyfraction,such as,for example,digestible energy,metabolizable energy,ornet energy.For poultry,metabolizable energy or N-corrected metaboliz-able energy is used.When percentages are used,the base energy fractionshould be stated.  \nFigure 1(conventional scheme)shows the usual energy distribution forcalculating digestible,metabolizable,and net energy,while Figure 2Ashows the distribution in digestion and metabolism and Figure 2B showsthe true digestible,true metabolizable,and true net energy.  \nUnder the conventional scheme(Figure 1)fecal metabolic energy andendogenous urinary energy are considered part of the losses in digestionand metabolism;in the true energy distribution scheme these fractionsare part of the maintenance energy requirement (Figure 2).Because of  \nFIGURE 1.The utilization of energy(conventional scheme).  \nthese facts,digestible,metabolizable,N-corrected metabolizable,net,andmaintenance energy are all“apparent”under the conventional scheme.Since the term“apparent”has not been used in the past in connectionwith energy util","cbCaihbtR1UIRmkf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihbtR1UIRmkf","pdf",2923540,42,"English","# Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals\n## Biological Energy Interrelationships and Glossary of Energy Terms\n## Explanation of Terms Under Conventional Scheme and True Energy Distribution Scheme\n## Conventional Scheme","[{\"question\":\"What does the report include regarding energy terms for nutrition literature?\",\"answer\":\"It provides a suggested glossary of abbreviations and symbols for energy terms, including definitions for calorie, kilocalorie, megacalorie, gross energy, and metabolic body size.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the conventional and true energy distribution schemes differ?\",\"answer\":\"In the conventional scheme, fecal metabolic energy and endogenous urinary energy are treated as losses, while in the true energy distribution scheme these fractions are part of maintenance energy requirements.\"},{\"question\":\"What is “apparent” energy under the conventional scheme?\",\"answer\":\"Digestible, metabolizable, N-corrected metabolizable, net, and maintenance energy are described as “apparent” because the scheme omits the explicit historical term “apparent” and aligns calculations with prior literature values.\"}]","NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS | PDF",1790699624,106]