[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-238706-105":59,"doc-detail-238706-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","numerical-comparison-between-a-modern-surfboard-and-an-alaiaboard-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd","Numerical Comparison between a Modern Surfboard and an AlaiaBoard using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)","","Surfboard design traditionally follows artistic practices, but recent adoption of CAD and advanced CNC manufacturing enables repeatable, time-efficient shaping and consistent evaluation. With a 3D CAD model, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations can analyze hydrodynamic performance details that are hard to observe in field tests. This paper compares a modern surfboard with a traditional alaia concept via CFD, using STAR-CCM+ with an URANS framework, VOF free-surface discretization, and the k-omega-SST turbulence model, validating against an equivalent flat plate.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/numerical-comparison-between-a-modern-surfboard-and-an-alaiaboard-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd/238706/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/numerical-comparison-between-a-modern-surfboard-and-an-alaiaboard-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd/238706.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Gelato","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How does the paper use CFD to support surfboard design?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It imports a 3D CAD surfboard model into CFD software to study hydrodynamic performance characteristics that are difficult to identify through field testing alone.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which CFD modeling approach and turbulence model are used?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The simulations use an unsteady RANS (URANS) approach, the VOF method for free-surface capturing, and the k-omega-SST model proposed by Menter.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How is the numerical method validated?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Validation is performed using an alaia board represented as an equivalent flat plate, showing good agreement with previous studies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},238706,1789139147,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},19241457091524,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","# Numerical Comparison between a Modern Surfboard and an AlaiaBoard using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)\n\nLuca Oggiano  \nNorwegian University of Science and Technology-SIAT(Senter for Idrettsanlegg og Teknologi),  \nK.Hejes Vei 2b 7042,Trondheim,NorwayIFE -Institutt for Energiteknikk,Instituttveien 18a,2007,Kjeller,Norway  \nKeywords:  Hydrodynamics,CFD,Surfboard Design.  \nAbstract:Surfboard design is traditionally considered more as an art than an engineering process.However,in thepast decade,the use of computers is becoming the standard in the shaping process.In the design part the useof computer-aid-design(CAD)software,has simplified the design process allowing shapers to save timeand consistently modify or reproduce similar designs.At the same time,the improvement of computer-numerical-controlled(CNC)machines is slowly replacing the traditional hand shaping techniques with moreecontrolled and reproducible manufacturing process.Another considerable advantage about having a 3DCAD model of the surfboard is that the model can be imported in Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)programs and its performances can be studied and evaluated highlighting details that would be otherwiseimpossible to identify from a field test.The present paper aims to show the potential of CFD solvers forsurfboard design and its applicability by comparing a modern surfboard with a traditional ancient surfboarddesign(alaia).The performances of the modern surfboard are evaluated and compared with the alaia board,represented by an equivalent flat plate which is also used for validation.The commercial CFD code STAR-CCM+is used in the present work.An Unsteady Reynolds Navier Stokes(URANS)approach is used,thevolume of fluid(VOF)method is chosen as free surface discretization method and the turbulence modelchosen to allow the numerical closure of the RANS equations is the k-o-SST proposed by Menter.Themodel validation on an alaia board,represented as a flat plate shows good agreement with previous studiesand the comparison between the surfboard and the alaia addresses the superiority of the modern surfboarddesign in terms of stability.  \nboards were made since modern times.For the firsttime,in 1930's balsa wood(much lighter thannormal wodd)was introduced,the tail of the boardswere tapered to have a more hydrodynamic designand increase manoeuvrability and fins were firstlyintroduced to increase stability.The main change inconstruction and materials didn't appear since thelate 1940's,where fiberglass was introduced,allowing more complex shaping and finally drivingthe design to the modern surfboard design(Warshaw,2010,Heimann,2010).During thisperiod of time,boards became lighter,smaller andtheir shape constantly evolved.However,thesurfboard design and shaping is still seen as a formof art more than an engineering task.  \n## 1 INTRODUCTION\n\nSurfboards firstly appeared in the 5ᵗ-6 century inHawaii and they were used monarchs and villagersalike.At that time,three types of surfboards wereavailable:the paipo (used by children)the olo (long,thick and heavy boards that could weight up to100kg)and the alaia.Surfing as we know it(standing up and riding curing waves)wasdeveloped and discovered thanks to the alaia boards.The alaia boards are middle sized boards,simple inshape,made in wood and finless,they can beresembled to flat plates with a rounded nose.Theboard paddles well enough to catch unbroken swellsstill allows manoeuvres and curves on the wavesface and it is responsive to the surfer commands.Forcenturies,surfing and surfboard design was confinedto Hawaii and no evolutions in the shape of the  \nSurfboards can be considered as 3D planingsurfaces similar to planing boats,velles,and surfaceeffect ship(SES)(Doctors,2009).The main  \nAncient  \nModern  \nHawaiian  \nFigure 1:Evolution of surfboard design throughout theyears.  \ndifference between a planing vessel and a traditionalone is that in planing vessels (and also insurfboards),the hydrodynamic lift is typically usedto ","cbCaiv6vh1ezrYXM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv6vh1ezrYXM","pdf",1084681,"English","# 1 INTRODUCTION\n# 2 METHODS\n## 2.1 Numerical Setup","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper use CFD to support surfboard design?\",\"answer\":\"It imports a 3D CAD surfboard model into CFD software to study hydrodynamic performance characteristics that are difficult to identify through field testing alone.\"},{\"question\":\"Which CFD modeling approach and turbulence model are used?\",\"answer\":\"The simulations use an unsteady RANS (URANS) approach, the VOF method for free-surface capturing, and the k-omega-SST model proposed by Menter.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the numerical method validated?\",\"answer\":\"Validation is performed using an alaia board represented as an equivalent flat plate, showing good agreement with previous studies.\"}]","Numerical Comparison between a Modern Surfboard and an AlaiaBoard using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) | PDF"]