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The Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (NUMi) was developed using item response theory scaling methods, forming a 20-item test from an item bank and evaluating construct validity against established literacy and achievement measures. Results support NUMi as a robust health numeracy measure for research and clinical use.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/numeracy-understanding-in-medicine-instrument-a-measure-of-health-numeracy-developed-using-item-response-theory/389768/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/numeracy-understanding-in-medicine-instrument-a-measure-of-health-numeracy-developed-using-item-response-theory/389768.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ben ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (NUMi) measure?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"NUMi measures health numeracy, defined as the ability to understand and apply numerical information such as numbers, tables, graphs, probabilities, and statistics in health communication and decision making.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was NUMi developed in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"NUMi was developed using item response theory scaling methods. A 20-item test was created from a numeracy question item bank, with items calibrated using responses from 1000 participants using a 2-parameter model.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence supports NUMi’s validity and usefulness?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Construct validity was assessed by comparing NUMi scores with established measures of print and numeric health literacy, mathematic achievement, and cognitive aptitude. NUMi performance showed strong to moderate correlations with multiple referenced tests, and the instrument is recommended for research and clinical settings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},389768,1790911013,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478951081,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","The Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument: A Measure of Health Numeracy Developed Using Item Response Theory  \nMarilyn M. Schapira, MD, MPH, Cindy M. Walker, PhD, Kevin J. Cappaert, MA, Pamela S. Ganschow, MD, Kathlyn E. Fletcher, MD, MA, Emily L. McGinley, MS, MPH, Sam Del Pozo, MA, Carrie Schauer, BSW, Sergey Tarima, PhD, Elizabeth A. Jacobs, MD, MAPP  \n\n| Background: Health numeracy can be defined as the ability to understand and apply information conveyed with numbers, tables and graphs, probabilities, and statistics to effectively communicate with health care providers, take care of one’s health, and participate in medical decisions. Objective: To develop the Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (NUMi) using item response theory scaling methods. Design: A 20-item test was formed drawing from an item bank of numeracy questions. Items were calibrated using responses from 1000 participants and a 2-parameter item response theory model. Construct validity was assessed by comparing scores on the NUMi to established measures of print and numeric health literacy, mathematic achievement, and cognitive aptitude. Participants: Community and clinical populations in the Milwaukee and Chicago metropolitan areas. Results: Twenty-nine percent of the 1000 respondents were Hispanic, 24% were non-Hispanic white, and 42% were non-Hispanic black. Forty-one percent had no more than | a high school education. The mean score on the NUMi was 13.2 (s = 4.6) with a Cronbach a of 0.86 . Difficulty and discrimination item response theory parameters of the 20 items ranged from –1.70 to 1.45 and 0.39 to 1.98, respectively. Performance on the NUMi was strongly correlated with the Wide Range Achievement Test–Arithmetic (0.73, P \\ 0.001), the Lipkus Expanded Numeracy Scale (0.69, P \\ 0.001), theMedical Data Interpretation Test (0.75, P \\ 0.001), and the Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test (0.82, P \\ 0.001) . Performance was moderately correlated to the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy (0.43, P \\ 0.001) . Limitations: The NUMi was found to be most discriminating among respondents with a lower-than-average level of health numeracy. Conclusions: The NUMi can be applied in research and clinical settings as a robust measure of the health numeracy construct. Key words: decision aids; shared decision making; risk communication; risk perception; health literacy. (Med Decis Making 2012;32:851–865) |\n| --- | --- |\n\nReceived 28 May 2011 from the Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MMS); Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (CMW, KJC); Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County and Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (PSG, SDP); Department of Medicine, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (KEF); Center for Patient Care and Outcomes Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (ELM, CS); Institute of Health and Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (ST);Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin (EAJ) . This study was funded by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NCIR01CA115954). The work was presented atthe 2010 annual meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making, Toronto, Canada. The REDCap database used in this work was supported by a Clinical and Translational Science Institute grant (1UL1-RR031973-01). The study was funded by the National Cancer Institute. The funder did not have a role in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data. Revision accepted for publication 15 March 2012 .  \nHealth numeracy can be defined as the ability to  \nunderstand and apply information conveyed with numbers, tables and graphs, probabilities, and statistics to effectively communicate with healthcare providers, take care of one’s","cbCaikakZoBRqc34","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikakZoBRqc34","pdf",1042665,15,"English","# Background and Objective\n## Instrument Development Using Item Response Theory\n## Construct Validity and Participant Samples\n## Results and Key Psychometric Findings\n## Limitations and Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What does the Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument (NUMi) measure?\",\"answer\":\"NUMi measures health numeracy, defined as the ability to understand and apply numerical information such as numbers, tables, graphs, probabilities, and statistics in health communication and decision making.\"},{\"question\":\"How was NUMi developed in this study?\",\"answer\":\"NUMi was developed using item response theory scaling methods. A 20-item test was created from a numeracy question item bank, with items calibrated using responses from 1000 participants using a 2-parameter model.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence supports NUMi’s validity and usefulness?\",\"answer\":\"Construct validity was assessed by comparing NUMi scores with established measures of print and numeric health literacy, mathematic achievement, and cognitive aptitude. NUMi performance showed strong to moderate correlations with multiple referenced tests, and the instrument is recommended for research and clinical settings.\"}]","Numeracy Understanding in Medicine Instrument - A Measure of Health Numeracy Developed Using Item Response Theory | PDF",1790327255,38]