[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-427514-105":59,"doc-detail-427514-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","number-of-children-and-cognitive-aging-in-older-americans-the-role-of-socioeconomic-status-and-gender-differences-abstract","NUMBER OF CHILDREN AND COGNITIVE AGING IN OLDER AMERICANS - THE ROLE OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES - Abstract","","Evidence on how the number of children affects late-life cognitive function is inconsistent, especially between men and women. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2016) covering 28,391 Americans aged 55+, the study applies a 27-point TICS cognitive measure (word recall, serial 7s, backward counting). Initial models show lower cognition for those with 3+ children, but after covariate adjustment the association reverses. Stepwise analyses suggest socioeconomic status, particularly education, explains the reversal, with a stronger benefit in men.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/number-of-children-and-cognitive-aging-in-older-americans-the-role-of-socioeconomic-status-and-gender-differences-abstract/427514/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/number-of-children-and-cognitive-aging-in-older-americans-the-role-of-socioeconomic-status-and-gender-differences-abstract/427514.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"River Wang","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-12","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How were cognitive function and number of children measured in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cognitive function was assessed with a 27-point TICS score including word recall, serial 7s, and backward counting. The number of children was grouped into none, one or two, and three or more.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What was the relationship between having 3+ children and cognitive functioning before and after adjustment?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"In the unadjusted model, 3+ children were linked to a significant decline in cognition versus having no children. After adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle covariates, the association reversed, with 3+ children linked to higher cognitive function.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why did the association reverse, and did it differ by gender?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Stepwise analyses indicated socioeconomic status—especially education—explained the initial negative association. Gender-stratified models showed the positive effect of 3+ children was stronger in men than in women.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},427514,1791134873,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":81},1099514067438,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539ee87300030?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1780474512215547542","Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2 755  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.2566  \nNUMBER OF CHILDREN AND COGNITIVE AGING IN  \nOLDER AMERICANS: THE ROLE OF SOCIOECONOMIC  \nSTATUS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES  \nDongfang Hong, and Wuyi Dong, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States  \nEvidence on the influence of the number of children on late-life cognitive functions remains inconsistent, particularly regarding its specific effects on men and women. This study analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)(1998–2016), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of older Americans. The sample included 28,391 individuals aged  \n55 and older. Cognitive function was assessed using a 27-point TICS score incorporating word recall, serial 7s, and backward counting. The number of children was categorized as none, one or two, and three or more. Linear mixed-effects models examined the association between the number of children and cognitive function, adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors. In the unadjusted model, having three or more children was associated with a significant decline in cognitive functioning (β = -0.462, p \u003C 0.001) compared to those with no children.  \nHowever, after adjusting for covariates, this association reversed, with three or more children linked to higher cognitive function (β = 0.335, p \u003C 0.01) . Stepwise analyses indicated that the initial negative association was primarily explained away by socioeconomic status (SES), particularly education. Gender-stratified models revealed that the positive effect of having three or more children was stronger in men (β = 0.432, p\u003C 0.05) than in women (β = 0.234, not significant). These findings underscore the role of SES in shaping the relationship between family structure and gender-specific cognitive trajectories. Future research should explore mechanisms such as economic stability and caregiving burden to better understand how parenthood influences late-life cognitive trajectories.","cbCaimnpEPlhLGSA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimnpEPlhLGSA","pdf",687278,"English","# Abstract\n## Study design and dataset\n## Measurement of cognitive function\n## Statistical models and key findings\n## Role of socioeconomic status\n## Gender-stratified results\n## Implications and future research","[{\"question\":\"How were cognitive function and number of children measured in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Cognitive function was assessed with a 27-point TICS score including word recall, serial 7s, and backward counting. The number of children was grouped into none, one or two, and three or more.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the relationship between having 3+ children and cognitive functioning before and after adjustment?\",\"answer\":\"In the unadjusted model, 3+ children were linked to a significant decline in cognition versus having no children. After adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle covariates, the association reversed, with 3+ children linked to higher cognitive function.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did the association reverse, and did it differ by gender?\",\"answer\":\"Stepwise analyses indicated socioeconomic status—especially education—explained the initial negative association. Gender-stratified models showed the positive effect of 3+ children was stronger in men than in women.\"}]","NUMBER OF CHILDREN AND COGNITIVE AGING IN OLDER AMERICANS - THE ROLE OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES - Abstract | PDF",1790644061]