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Nanotechnology offers a platform to address these barriers by engineering multifunctional nanocarriers for targeted delivery, controlled drug release, and coordinated multi-modality therapy. It also supports high-sensitivity diagnostics and theranostic systems to enable earlier detection and more precise treatment. Key hurdles for clinical translation include scalability and safety, but the overall direction is toward personalized PCa management. This review systematically summarizes recent nanotechnological advances over the past three years and discusses translational challenges and future directions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/novel-strategies-for-precision-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-prostate-cancer-based-on-multifunctional-nanocarrier-systems/362807/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/novel-strategies-for-precision-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-prostate-cancer-based-on-multifunctional-nanocarrier-systems/362807.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What main problems do current prostate cancer diagnosis and treatments face?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They face challenges in specificity, efficacy, and toxicity, and treatment often becomes limited as disease progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How can multifunctional nanocarrier systems improve therapy for prostate cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"By enabling targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and by supporting synergy across multiple treatment modalities to improve efficacy while reducing side effects.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What diagnostic improvements does nanotechnology enable for prostate cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It can support highly sensitive diagnostic tools and theranostic platforms that help with early detection and more precise, personalized treatment planning.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},362807,1790471065,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","International Journal of Nanomedicine  \nOpen Access Full Text Article REVIEW  \nNovel Strategies for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer Based on Multifunctional Nanocarrier Systems  \nZhonghao Tang 1 , 2 , *, Si Shen 1 , 2 , *, Chenwei Gu 1 , 2 , *, Sixin Li 1 , 2 , *, Jiang Ni 3 , *, Dongjie Yang4 , Yuanyuan Mi 1  \n1Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China  \n*These authors contributed equally to this work  \nCorrespondence: Dongjie Yang, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China, [Email ydj_252@163.com](Email ydj_252@163.com); Yuanyuan Mi, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China, [Email miniao1984@163.com](Email miniao1984@163.com)  \n\n| Abstract: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide, and its current diagnostic and therapeutic methods still face severe challenges in terms of specificity, efficacy, and toxicity. The emergence of nanotechnology provides a powerful platform to overcome these obstacles. Through the design of sophisticated nanocarriers, targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents, as well as the synergy of multiple treatment modalities, can be achieved, thereby significantly improving efficacy and reducing side effects. Meanwhile, nanotechnology shows great potential in developing highly sensitive diagnostic tools and theranostic platforms, laying the foundation for early detection and precise treatment of PCa. Although challenges such as scalability and safety remain to be addressed before clinical translation, nanotechnology is undoubtedly reshaping the landscape of PCa management and driving the field towards personalized medicine. This review aims to provide a systematic overview of significant advancements in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa over the past three years. It focuses on innovative research in novel nanocarrier design, targeting strategies, and the construction of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic platforms. Furthermore, current challenges and future directions for clinical translation are discussed, with the aim of offering valuable insights and references for researchers and clinicians in this field.\u003Cbr>Keywords: prostate cancer, nanocarriers, targeted delivery, theranostics |\n| --- |\n| Introduction\u003Cbr>PCa is the second most common cancer in men, with persistently high global incidence and mortality rates. Data indicates that PCa has become the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men globally, ranking first in male cancer incidence in 112 out of 185 countries. Concurrently, it is also the leading cause of male cancer death in a quarter of countries.1 Looking ahead, the global burden of PCa is projected to increase significantly in the coming decades. According to an important forecast, the annual number of new PCa cases worldwide may double by 2040, with a substantial rise in deaths.2 Regarding treatment, conventional approaches include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy, yet they face numerous challenges. Chemotherapeutic drugs like docetaxel and doxorubicin suffer from low bioavailability, significant systemic toxicity, and a propensity to induce drug resistance. Furthermore, patients with advanced disease often progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), leading to limited treatment options and poor prognosis.3 Diagnostic bottlenecks also exist. Commonly used methods like Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing lack sufficient specificity for accurately distinguishing malignant lesions at an early stag","cbCaiqbz688YzG9N","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqbz688YzG9N","pdf",6227692,27,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Epidemiology and global burden\n## Current treatment limitations\n## Diagnostic bottlenecks","[{\"question\":\"What main problems do current prostate cancer diagnosis and treatments face?\",\"answer\":\"They face challenges in specificity, efficacy, and toxicity, and treatment often becomes limited as disease progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"How can multifunctional nanocarrier systems improve therapy for prostate cancer?\",\"answer\":\"By enabling targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and by supporting synergy across multiple treatment modalities to improve efficacy while reducing side effects.\"},{\"question\":\"What diagnostic improvements does nanotechnology enable for prostate cancer?\",\"answer\":\"It can support highly sensitive diagnostic tools and theranostic platforms that help with early detection and more precise, personalized treatment planning.\"}]","Novel Strategies for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer Based on Multifunctional Nanocarrier Systems | PDF",1790149128,68]