[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-385704-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-385704-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","novel-strategies-for-cancer-immunotherapy-counter-immunoediting-therapy","Novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy - counter-immunoediting therapy","","The review explains how cancer immunotherapy—especially immune checkpoint inhibitors—can still face innate or acquired resistance. It links this resistance to the heterogeneous immune microenvironment produced through cancer immunoediting, a process with elimination, equilibrium, and escape phases. Across these phases, opposing tumor–immune interactions shape different resistance levels. The article summarizes phase-specific characteristics and matching therapeutic tools, then argues for normalized, immunophenotyping-based strategies and targeted interventions to reverse immunoediting outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/novel-strategies-for-cancer-immunotherapy-counter-immunoediting-therapy/385704/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/novel-strategies-for-cancer-immunotherapy-counter-immunoediting-therapy/385704.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Aria","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why do some patients develop resistance to cancer immunotherapy?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Resistance arises from the highly heterogeneous immune microenvironment formed during cancer immunoediting, enabling tumors to progress through elimination, equilibrium, and escape.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What are the three phases of cancer immunoediting?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Cancer immunoediting includes elimination, equilibrium, and escape, where tumor–immune interactions shift from elimination to long-term stability and then uncontrolled growth.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What therapeutic approach does the review emphasize for precision therapy?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It summarizes phase-specific therapeutic tools and proposes normalized strategies based on immunophenotyping, using targeted interventions to retrograde immunoediting in different phases.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},385704,1790730827,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Liu et al. Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2023) 16:38 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-023-01430-8](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-023-01430-8)  \nJournal of Hematology & Oncology  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nNovel strategies for cancer immunotherapy: counter-immunoediting therapy  \nShaochuan Liu1,2,3,4,5,6, Qian Sun1,2,3,4,5,6* and Xiubao Ren1,2,3,4,5,6*  \nAbstract  \nThe advent of immunotherapy has made an indelible mark on the field of cancer therapy, especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice. Although immunotherapy has proven its efficacy and safety in some tumors, many patients still have innate or acquired resistance to immunotherapy. The emergence of this phenomenon is closely related to the highly heterogeneous immune microenvironment formed by tumor cells after undergoing cancer immunoediting. The process of cancer immunoediting refers to the cooperative interaction between tumor cells and the immune system that involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. During these phases, conflicting interactions between the immune system and tumor cells result in the formation of a complex immune microenvironment, which contributes to the acquisition of different levels of immunotherapy resistance in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of different phases of cancer immunoediting and the corresponding therapeutic tools, and we propose normalized therapeutic strategies based on immunophenotyping. The process of cancer immunoediting is retrograded through targeted interventions in different phases of cancer immunoediting, making immunotherapy in the context of precision therapy the most promising therapy to cure cancer.  \nBackground  \nThe concept of cancer immunoediting was first introduced by Schreiber in 2002; after years of research and revisions, the present theory of cancer immunoediting was finally developed [1]. This theory suggests that the immune system can paradoxically inhibit or promote  \n*Correspondence:  \nQian Sun [sunqian923@126.com](sunqian923@126.com)[ ](sunqian923@126.com)Xiubao Ren [renxiubao@tjmuch.com](renxiubao@tjmuch.com)  \n1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060 Tianjin, China  \n2 Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060 Tianjin, China  \n3 Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, 300060 Tianjin, China  \n4 Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060 Tianjin, China  \n5 Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060 Tianjin, China  \n6 Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060 Tianjin, China  \nthe formation of tumor tissue, and this process is regulated in a complex mechanism comprising three main phases: “elimination,” “equilibrium,” and “escape”(Fig. 1). During the elimination phase, the innate and adaptive immune systems synergize to identify malignant or transformed tumor cells and eliminate them before they can be clinically detected. If some of the tumor cells survive the elimination phase due to low immunogenicity or other reasons, they enter the equilibrium phase, in which tumor cell proliferation is arrested but the tumor cells are present. During this phase, the interaction between the adaptive immune system and tumor cells is maintained in a stable equilibrium for a long period of time, which can last for years or decades. When tumor cells undergo genetic mutations or are stimulated by other factors, they pass from the equilibrium phase to the escape phase, in which their growth can no longer be controlled. Furthermore, tumor cells in the escape phase express a variety of immunosuppressive ligands to inhibit the function of effector T cells and escape the attack of immune  \n© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptatio","cbCaikeYGw7TIbkL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikeYGw7TIbkL","pdf",7893945,37,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Three phases of cancer immunoediting","[{\"question\":\"Why do some patients develop resistance to cancer immunotherapy?\",\"answer\":\"Resistance arises from the highly heterogeneous immune microenvironment formed during cancer immunoediting, enabling tumors to progress through elimination, equilibrium, and escape.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the three phases of cancer immunoediting?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer immunoediting includes elimination, equilibrium, and escape, where tumor–immune interactions shift from elimination to long-term stability and then uncontrolled growth.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic approach does the review emphasize for precision therapy?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes phase-specific therapeutic tools and proposes normalized strategies based on immunophenotyping, using targeted interventions to retrograde immunoediting in different phases.\"}]","Novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy - counter-immunoediting therapy | PDF",1790270642,93]