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This study presents a “hemostasis-resorption-osteogenesis” design using a PST bone wax integrating quaternized cationic starch and β-tricalcium phosphate. PST shows strong sealing, prolonged hemostasis, gradual resorption releasing Ca2+/PO43− that drives osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, and hemocompatibility that adsorbs erythrocytes and promotes platelet aggregation/activation. In rabbit and beagle models, PST achieves efficient immediate hemostasis and sustained osteoregeneration with favorable biocompatibility and safety.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/novel-bioresorbable-bone-wax-for-potentiated-hemostasis-and-osteogenesis/469390/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/novel-bioresorbable-bone-wax-for-potentiated-hemostasis-and-osteogenesis/469390.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What main problem does the study address in orthopedic surgery?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Uncontrolled bleeding at bone defect sites combined with poor bone regeneration, which can be worsened by non-resorbable hemostats such as traditional beeswax-based bone wax.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What is the design strategy of the novel bone wax?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"A “hemostasis-resorption-osteogenesis” synergistic design that integrates quaternized cationic starch and β-tricalcium phosphate into a polymer dispersion matrix to support immediate sealing, gradual resorption, and osteogenic effects.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the material promote osteogenesis?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"During resorption, it releases Ca2+/PO43− ions that induce osteogenic differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells and promote mineralization into hydroxyapatite crystals.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},469390,1790818531,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","RESEARCH ARTICLE  \n[www.advancedscience.com](www.advancedscience.com)  \nNovel Bioresorbable Bone Wax for Potentiated Hemostasisand Osteogenesis  \nLongbao Feng, Yanbin Lu, Pengyu Fu, Shaojun Li, Pengning She, Yang xiao, Jiaming Ye, Wanqi Li, Shaochuan Li,* Wei Xue,* and Rui Guo*  \nOrthopedic surgery faces dual challenges of uncontrolled bleeding and poor bone regeneration at defect sites. While traditional beeswax-based hemostats remain clinically prevalent, their non-resorbability impedes healing and triggers chronic inflammation. This study introduces a  \n“hemostasis-resorption-osteogenesis” synergistic design paradigm, developing a novel bioresorbable bone wax based on a polymer dispersion matrix that integrates a quaternized cationic starch (QS) and 􀀂-tricalcium phosphate (􀀂-TCP) dual-phase promoting matrix (PST). PST bone wax’s physicochemical properties, characterized via finger pressing models and in vitro sealing assays, demonstrate excellent plasticity and adhesiveness, enabling rapid sealing and prolonged hemostasis under physiological blood pressure. It gradually resorbs, releasing Ca2 +/PO43 − ions that induce osteogenic differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and mineralization into hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals mimicking natural bone matrix. Hemocompatibility tests reveals its ability to adsorb erythrocytes and aggregate/activate platelets, effectively facilitating coagulation. In vivo experiments in rabbit and beagle models validate efficient hemostatic and osteogenic capabilities. Ultimately, PST bone wax achieves immediate hemostasis and long-term osteoregeneration through QS and 􀀂-TCP synergy, exhibiting favorable biocompatibility and safety, providing an innovative clinical solution with broad prospects.  \n1. Introduction  \nUncontrolled bleeding complicating bone defects poses a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery, with over 1.78 billion global fracture cases annually,[1,2] 30% of which require intraoperative hemostatic intervention. [3,4] Effective hemostasis at bone defect sites is critical for surgical success, as the vascularized nature of cancellous and cortical bone impedes spontaneous hemostasis unlike cutaneous tissues. [5,6] Conventional hemostatic methods such as electrocautery, compression, or packing exhibit operational limitations and risk xenogeneic protein residue or tissue trauma. [7,8] More critically, traditional beeswax-based bone wax,[9,10] widely used in clinical settings, remains non-degradable even unresorbable in situ, causing mechanical interference with bone regeneration and chronic inflammation due to foreign body reactions. [11] With the global volume of orthopedic surgeries rising annually, the development of resorbable biomaterials combining immediate hemostasis and osteoregenerative capacity has become an urgent clinical imperative.  \nL. Feng, Y. Lu, P. Fu, S. Li, W. Xue, R. Guo  \nKey Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of  \nBiomedical Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632, China  \n[E-mail:](E-mail: weixue_jnu@aliyun.com)[ weixue_jnu@aliyun.com](E-mail: weixue_jnu@aliyun.com); [guorui@jnu.edu.cn](guorui@jnu.edu.cn)  \nP. She, Y. xiao, J. Ye, W. Li, S. Li College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510640, China  \nE-mail: [shaochuan@scau.edu.cn](shaochuan@scau.edu.cn)  \nThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article  \ncan be found under [https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202514616](https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202514616)[ ](https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202514616)© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work ","cbCaicMjb4LLuuyw","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicMjb4LLuuyw","pdf",15771749,15,"English","# 1. Introduction\n## Orthopedic bleeding in bone defects and limitations of current hemostats\n## Traditional beeswax and resorbable biomaterial needs","[{\"question\":\"What main problem does the study address in orthopedic surgery?\",\"answer\":\"Uncontrolled bleeding at bone defect sites combined with poor bone regeneration, which can be worsened by non-resorbable hemostats such as traditional beeswax-based bone wax.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the design strategy of the novel bone wax?\",\"answer\":\"A “hemostasis-resorption-osteogenesis” synergistic design that integrates quaternized cationic starch and β-tricalcium phosphate into a polymer dispersion matrix to support immediate sealing, gradual resorption, and osteogenic effects.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the material promote osteogenesis?\",\"answer\":\"During resorption, it releases Ca2+/PO43− ions that induce osteogenic differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells and promote mineralization into hydroxyapatite crystals.\"}]","Novel Bioresorbable Bone Wax for Potentiated Hemostasis and Osteogenesis | PDF",1790775532,38]