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This article examines how girls and women with locomotor disability in West Bengal experience gender socialisation under patriarchal and ableist ideologies. Using feminist ethnography and a “looking back” lens on girlhood, it shows gendering as conditional: disabled women are denied specific gendered behaviours and expectations while being pressured to conform to other norms in private and public life.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/not-like-other-girls-looking-back-as-an-approach-to-studying-the-socialisation-of-girls-with-locomotor-disability-in-bengal/157317/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/not-like-other-girls-looking-back-as-an-approach-to-studying-the-socialisation-of-girls-with-locomotor-disability-in-bengal/157317.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-08-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":46},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the article frame femininity and disability together?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Feminist disability studies are used to argue that cultural notions of femininity construct and shape the identities of women with disabilities, through patriarchal and ableist ideologies.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the article focus on regarding girls with locomotor disability in West Bengal?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It investigates how processes of gender socialisation are experienced, highlighting how disabled women are assigned conditional forms of gendering.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What role does the “looking back” approach play in the study?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article uses feminist ethnography and studies girlhood through a “looking back” lens to reveal how gendered expectations operate in disabled women’s private and public lives.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},157317,1787978470,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":46,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","‘Not Like Other Girls’: Looking Back as an Approach to Studying the Socialisation of Girls with Locomotor Disability in Bengal  \nNandini Ghosh  \nAssistant Professor of Sociology  \nInstitute of Development Studies,  \nKolkata, India  \nAbstract  \nFeminist disability studies argue that cultural notions of femininity construct and shape the development of identities of women with disabilities. This article seeks to reveal the ways in which women with locomotor disability in West Bengal have experienced processes of gender socialisation, in the light of patriarchal and ableist ideologies that exist in their culture. Drawing on methods offeminist ethnography and the idea of studying girlhood through a ‘looking back’lens, the article highlights the ways in which gendered processes of socialisation posit a conditional gendering process for disabled women, wherein specific aspects of gendered behaviour and expectations are denied to them, while they are expected and forced to conform to other aspects in their private and public lives.  \nKey words: Femininity, disability, cultural constructions, ethnography  \nIntroduction: Gendered socialization in Bengal  \nSouth Asian societies are characterised by strong patriliny, patrilocality, male authority, and control over resources (Mukhopadhyay & Seymour, 1994) . As Indian communities are strongly patriarchal, women have little status or place except under the protection of a father or husband. Women are expected to be docile and self-denying, and show complete deference to the men in their lives. In Bengal, a benign patriarchy operates, with the mother-child relationship assuming precedence over all other familial mores (Bagchi, 1993). According to Bagchi et al (1997),“it is not that girls are unwanted today as they were earlier, although there are few who want only daughters.” As a woman is primarily defined in marital terms, she is relatively free only as her father’s daughter (Bannerji, 2002) . The young unmarried girl is allowed freedom in her father’s house and her relationship with her brothers and other men of the family is affable, open, and easy. However, the position of the girl child in the family is specifically unequal to that of her brother, as daughters are expected to treat their paternal house as temporary (Dube, 2001). A young girl is trained by female relatives and kinswomen from a very early age to fulfil her future role as a good wife and mother (Chakraborty, 1998) . Socialisation processes and socialising institutions that turn women into gendered subjects interact and draw upon historical, religious, political, and economic structures and ideologies to shape the lives of women in the socio-cultural context of Bengal. Feminine bodily norms are influenced and determined by the way in which an entire society constructs femininity and women. From a young age, girls learn gender-proper attitudes and modes of behaviour, and the differing social expectations of female bodies, and internalise an (gendered) ideal of the body and physical appearance (Engels, 1996) . The cultural strategy used is that ofan image, an ideal type of a ‘good’woman to which all girls and women must aspire, or be relegated to the image of a ‘bad’woman (Bandopadhyay, 1995) .  \nGhai (2003) has pointed out that within the Indian cultural context, disability implies a“lack” or “flaw,” leading to ideologies that culturally construct disabled people as being in eternal childhood, thus helpless, dependent, and in need of constant care and protection. Johri (1998) opines that a disabled daughter has to contend with dual disappointment experienced in the family – first for being a daughter, when what was desired was a son, and then for having a disability. In cultures where daughters are looked down on, a disabled daughter is seen as a curse, and she has to contend with disappointment over her birth as well as her disability (Ghai, 2002) . In cultures where marriage determines the status of women, disabled girls ","cbCaigNbGuJajWM0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigNbGuJajWM0","pdf",385114,22,"English","# Abstract\n## Feminist disability studies\n## Gendered socialization in Bengal\n## Disability, family disappointment, and cultural stereotyping","[{\"question\":\"How does the article frame femininity and disability together?\",\"answer\":\"Feminist disability studies are used to argue that cultural notions of femininity construct and shape the identities of women with disabilities, through patriarchal and ableist ideologies.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the article focus on regarding girls with locomotor disability in West Bengal?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates how processes of gender socialisation are experienced, highlighting how disabled women are assigned conditional forms of gendering.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does the “looking back” approach play in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The article uses feminist ethnography and studies girlhood through a “looking back” lens to reveal how gendered expectations operate in disabled women’s private and public lives.\"}]","Not Like Other Girls - Looking Back as an Approach to Studying the Socialisation of Girls with Locomotor Disability in Bengal | PDF",55]