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change required free homework assistance in Norwegian primary schools?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"In June 2010, the Norwegian Parliament amended the Education Act to require all primary schools to offer free homework assistance to pupils from Grade 1 to Grade 4, with government covering the cost.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How and why was the homework assistance program later expanded?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"In June 2014, the Parliament passed an additional amendment extending the free arrangement to all schools of compulsory education, from Grade 1 to Grade 10.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Where did the homework assistance initiative originate before it became a formal government policy?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The initiative began in the 1980s to support schools with many minority-language students who could not easily get help from parents due to limited Norwegian skills, often through voluntary organizations and free-of-charge 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of Applied Sciences Lihong Huang (黄丽红)  \nOslo Metropolitan University  \nECNU Review of Education 2021, Vol. 4(3) 640–651 ª The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/2096531120970951](DOI: 10.1177/2096531120970951)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/2096531120970951)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe)  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: Through reviewing an education policy blueprint in Norway, titled “An Offer of Homework Assistance”(issued by the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training inJune2010), the present article aims to shed light on how Norway uses education asanarenato realize social equality and equity. Design/Approach/Methods: This is an analytical policy review.  \nFindings: By examining the background, goals, contents, and implementation of the homework assistance program, we have found that the Norwegian government institutes evidence-based policies in education. Although there is criticism concerning the policy and its implementation, empirical evaluative investigations have found that it brings a variety of benefits.  \nOriginality/Value: The present article is useful to understand educational policymaking in Norway and how the country is making efforts to achieve social equality and equity through education.  \nKeywords  \nHomework assistance, Norway, policy review  \nDate received: 18 April 2020; accepted: 10 October 2020  \nCorresponding author:  \nAihua Hu, Department of Pedagogy, Religion and Social Studies Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Proms Gate 1, Bergen 5018 Norway.  \nEmail: [aihu@hvl.no](aihu@hvl.no)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative  \nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nAlthough both advantages and disadvantages of homework assistance exist, I think the benefits are more important than the disadvantages. Therefore, it is important tobe able to offer homework assistance based on what each individual student’s level in the particular subjects is. This means that even though you are good at one subject, you must be able to have the option to be helped (with other subjects) . That is why I say yes to the benefit of homework assistance for all students during school hours.  \nAmalie Nilssen  \nA pupil from the Rothaugen School  \n(Authors ’ translation from a news report 1)  \nIntroduction  \nIn June 2010, the Norwegian Parliament passed an amendment to the Education Act requiring all primary schools across Norway to offer homework assistance to all pupils from Grade 1 to Grade 4. The government covers the cost for all schools—public or private—to offer this service, and all schools are obliged to offer it. However, it is the parents ’ decision whether to accept this offer. The policy was implemented starting from the school year of 2010/2011 . In June 2014, the Norwegian Parliament passed an additional amendment to the Education Act extending the free homework assistance arrangement to all schools of compulsory education (i.e., from Grade 1 to Grade 10) .  \nThe present article reviews this policy in terms of its background, goals and values, main content, and implementation evaluation with reference to two research reports produced by Norwegian Social Research (NOVA) and the Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research, and Education (NIFU) under the invitation of the gov","cbCaihXSCTxM4qHr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihXSCTxM4qHr","pdf",181956,12,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Design/Approach/Methods\n## Findings\n## Originality/Value\n# Introduction\n## 2010 amendment and rollout (Grades 1–4)\n## 2014 extension (Grades 1–10)\n# Background\n## Origins in the 1980s\n## Growth by 2006/2007\n## Government reports and pilot evaluations\n# Correlated policy planning (White Papers)","[{\"question\":\"What policy change required free homework assistance in Norwegian primary schools?\",\"answer\":\"In June 2010, the Norwegian Parliament amended the Education Act to require all primary schools to offer free homework assistance to pupils from Grade 1 to Grade 4, with government covering the cost.\"},{\"question\":\"How and why was the homework assistance program later expanded?\",\"answer\":\"In June 2014, the Parliament passed an additional amendment extending the free arrangement to all schools of compulsory education, from Grade 1 to Grade 10.\"},{\"question\":\"Where did the homework assistance initiative originate before it became a formal government policy?\",\"answer\":\"The initiative began in the 1980s to support schools with many minority-language students who could not easily get help from parents due to limited Norwegian skills, often through voluntary organizations and free-of-charge support.\"}]","Norwegian Policy Initiative of Offering Free Homework Assistance in Schools | PDF",1792092206]