[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108877-en":3,"doc-seo-108877-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108877,962075114765,"Quinn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","North Macedonia - Environmental Tax Reform Options and Outcomes - Updated Policy Note","Updated Policy Note (June 2021) examines environmental tax reform options for North Macedonia by linking fuel use with environmental damage and evaluating existing fuel-related taxation and support measures. It reviews how current excise duties, motor vehicle taxes, value added tax, and tariffs interact with subsidies and related instruments, then develops future directions for environmental taxation. The note discusses pricing pollution, using fiscal instruments for environmental issues, alignment with EU approaches, and considerations for COVID-19, followed by an assessment of indicative impacts from applying a carbon price on fuels, including energy, emissions, economy, and distributional effects.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nNorth Macedonia: Environmental Tax Reform Options and Outcomes  \nUpdated Policy Note  \nJune 2021  \nContents  \nAcknowledgements....................................................................................................................................... 5  \nAbbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 6  \n1. Executive Summary............................................................................................................................... 7  \n2. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 9  \n3. Fuel use and Environmental Damage in North Macedonia ................................................................ 10  \n3.1. Use of fuels ................................................................................................................................. 10  \n3.2. Environmental consequences of fuel use ................................................................................... 12  \n3.2.1. Greenhouse gas emissions.................................................................................................. 13  \n3.2.2. Air pollution ........................................................................................................................ 15  \n3.2.3. Other environmental damages from fuel use..................................................................... 17  \n4. Existing Environmental Fuel Taxation ................................................................................................. 18  \n4.1. Taxes affecting fuel use............................................................................................................... 18  \n4.1.1. Excise duties ........................................................................................................................ 18  \n4.1.2. Motor vehicle taxes ............................................................................................................ 21  \n4.1.3. Value Added Tax ................................................................................................................. 23  \n4.1.4. Tariffs .................................................................................................................................. 23  \n4.2. Subsidies and related measures ................................................................................................. 24  \n4.3. Related instruments.................................................................................................................... 26  \n5. Future direction of Environmental taxation ....................................................................................... 27  \n5.1. Getting prices right ..................................................................................................................... 27  \n5.2. Using fiscal instruments to address environmental issues ......................................................... 27  \n5.3. EU direction on environmental taxation..................................................................................... 31  \n5.4. Environmental taxation in the context of COVID-19 .................................................................. 33  \n6. Environmental taxation in North Macedonia ..................................................................................... 34  \n6.1. Pricing pollution .......................................................................................................................... 34  \n6.1.1. Excise duties ........................................................................................................................ 35  \n6.1.2. Other taxes and subsidies ..................................................................................................","cbCaijvZSRPbp1oE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijvZSRPbp1oE","pdf",2146320,6,1,92,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# Fuel use and Environmental Damage in North Macedonia\n## Use of fuels\n## Existing Environmental Fuel Taxation\n## Future direction of Environmental taxation\n## Environmental taxation in North Macedonia\n# List of Policy Findings\n# Way Forward","[{\"question\":\"本文如何把燃料使用与环境损害联系起来？\",\"answer\":\"文中先分析北马其顿的燃料使用及其环境后果，包括温室气体排放、空气污染以及燃料使用带来的其他环境损害，为后续税收改革提供依据。\"},{\"question\":\"现有的燃料相关环境税收体系包含哪些主要组成？\",\"answer\":\"文中覆盖影响燃料使用的税费，如消费税（excise duties）、机动车税、增值税（VAT）和关税，并梳理补贴及相关措施，以及其他配套工具。\"},{\"question\":\"“对燃料适用碳价”的潜在影响从哪些维度进行评估？\",\"answer\":\"评估包含能源、排放、经济以及分配效应等维度，并给出总体概览与分项结果，以说明政策影响路径。\"}]","North Macedonia - Environmental Tax Reform Options and Outcomes - Updated Policy Note | PDF",1784474598,232,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"north-macedonia-environmental-tax-reform-options-and-outcomes-updated-policy-note","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/north-macedonia-environmental-tax-reform-options-and-outcomes-updated-policy-note/108877/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-01","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"本文如何把燃料使用与环境损害联系起来？","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"文中先分析北马其顿的燃料使用及其环境后果，包括温室气体排放、空气污染以及燃料使用带来的其他环境损害，为后续税收改革提供依据。","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"现有的燃料相关环境税收体系包含哪些主要组成？",{"text":82,"@type":78},"文中覆盖影响燃料使用的税费，如消费税（excise duties）、机动车税、增值税（VAT）和关税，并梳理补贴及相关措施，以及其他配套工具。",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"“对燃料适用碳价”的潜在影响从哪些维度进行评估？",{"text":86,"@type":78},"评估包含能源、排放、经济以及分配效应等维度，并给出总体概览与分项结果，以说明政策影响路径。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,112,116,121,124,129,132,136],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":108,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":135},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":139},19,"General","general"]