[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-123144-en":3,"doc-seo-123144-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},123144,7971461740886,"Theodore","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2",8,"Research & Report","Non-Destructive Testing and Machine Learning in Inspection of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges - Master’s thesis","Bridges are critical infrastructures essential for transportation and economic activities yet face accelerated deterioration from environmental factors and increased usage. Post-tensioned concrete bridges offer potential solutions, but recent failures expose weaknesses in inspection protocols. In Norway, harsh climates and marine environments intensify deterioration, making reliable Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) essential. This thesis investigates combining Machine Learning with NDT for bridge inspection using mock-up testing, device variability analysis, and model training.","DECLARATION  \nI, Mathias Føyner Wie, certify that I am the responsible author of this master’s thesis. During the preparation of this thesis, the author used ChatGPT in order to assist with writing and text editing. The generated content has been reviewed, edited, and verified by the author to ensure accuracy and relevance to the context of the thesis. This disclosure serves to acknowledge the use of ChatGPT as described above and to affirm that the author has taken the necessary steps to validate the generated content.  \n1  \nNon-Destructive Testing and Machine Learning in Inspection of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges  \nMathias Føyner Wie  \n08.24  \nMaster’s thesis in Civil Engineering  \nDepartment of Built Environment  \nFaculty of Technology, Art and Design  \nABSTRACT  \nBridges are critical infrastructures essential for transportation and economic activities yet face accelerated deterioration from environmental factors and increased usage. Posttensioned concrete bridges offer potential solutions but recent failures underscore deficiencies in inspection protocols. In Norway, where harsh climates and marine environments exacerbate deterioration, effective Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are crucial.  \nThis thesis explores the integration of Machine Learning (ML) with NDT techniques for post-tensioned bridge inspection. Mock-up testing revealed significant variability among NDT devices, emphasizing the need for expert interpretation. Training ML models, includingthe Roboflow model, demonstrated initial efficacy but highlighted the ongoing need for finetuning and optimal dataset distribution.  \nModel testing across various scenarios showed the Roboflow model's superiority in detecting structural features such as ducts and rebars, albeit with challenges in distinguishing subtle features. Custom models also showed potential, emphasizing the need for further refinement and adaptation to real-world conditions.  \nIn conclusion, effective real-time detection of structural features in post-tensioned bridges requires advanced ML models integrated with expert NDT interpretation. While promising, ongoing optimization and validation against real-world datasets are essential. This research contributes to enhancing inspection protocols, aiming to improve infrastructure safety and longevity in civil engineering practices.  \nKeywords: Non-destructive testing, Machine Learning, Post-tensioned Concrete, Roboflow, Custom Models  \nPREFACE  \nThis master thesis represents the culmination of a five-year master's degree program at Oslo Metropolitan University. All research and writing were conducted during the spring and summer of 2024 at the Department of Built Environment, earning 30 credits. The thesis was supervised by Gro Markeset.  \nMy motivation for pursuing this topic stemmed from a growing interest in NonDestructive Testing (NDT) of bridges, which developed during lectures. Having never previously used NDT devices or machine learning techniques, the learning process was steep from the outset. The journey has been both challenging and rewarding, equipping me with valuable knowledge that I am confident will benefit my future professional endeavors. I also believe this work can contribute to further research in the field.  \nI extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Gro Markeset, and my second supervisor, Björn Täljsten, for their guidance and insightful discussions throughout the thesis process. I also want to thank Björn and Invator for giving me the chance to join a mock-up test. Additionally, I thank Mats Holmqvist and Ali Mirzazade from Invator for their support and instruction during mock-up testing and assistance with annotation and machine learning  \nmodel.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nCHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1  \n1.1. Background ....................................................................................................................1  \n1.","cbCaigqx3QGzdhX1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigqx3QGzdhX1","pdf",26453715,1,99,"English","en",105,"# Chapter 1. Introduction\n## 1.1. Background\n## 1.2. Research Question\n## 1.3. Objectives of the Study\n## 1.4. Limitations\n# Chapter 2. Literature Review\n## 2.1. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)\n## 2.2. Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges\n## 2.3. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)","[{\"question\":\"Why are Non-Destructive Testing methods important for post-tensioned concrete bridges in Norway?\",\"answer\":\"Norway’s harsh climate and marine environment accelerate deterioration. Effective NDT is needed to identify damage and maintain inspection reliability.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the mock-up testing reveal about NDT devices?\",\"answer\":\"Mock-up testing shows significant variability among NDT devices, which increases the importance of expert interpretation.\"},{\"question\":\"How do the ML models, such as the Roboflow model, contribute to bridge inspection?\",\"answer\":\"Training and model testing indicate the Roboflow model can detect structural features like ducts and rebars, though subtle distinctions remain challenging and require ongoing refinement.\"}]","Non-Destructive Testing and Machine Learning in Inspection of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges - Master’s thesis | PDF",1785814871,249,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"non-destructive-testing-and-machine-learning-in-inspection-of-post-tensioned-concrete-bridges-masters-thesis","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/non-destructive-testing-and-machine-learning-in-inspection-of-post-tensioned-concrete-bridges-masters-thesis/123144/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why are Non-Destructive Testing methods important for post-tensioned concrete bridges in Norway?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Norway’s harsh climate and marine environment accelerate deterioration. Effective NDT is needed to identify damage and maintain inspection reliability.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What does the mock-up testing reveal about NDT devices?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Mock-up testing shows significant variability among NDT devices, which increases the importance of expert interpretation.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How do the ML models, such as the Roboflow model, contribute to bridge inspection?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Training and model testing indicate the Roboflow model can detect structural features like ducts and rebars, though subtle distinctions remain challenging and require ongoing refinement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]