[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-462026-105":59,"doc-detail-462026-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","no-cgmp-signaling-in-endothelial-function-of-the-healthy-and-inflamed-dental-pulp","NO-cGMP Signaling in Endothelial Function of the Healthy and Inflamed Dental Pulp","","Nitric oxide (NO) produced in endothelial cells by eNOS diffuses to vascular smooth muscle cells, activating NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) and generating cGMP via GTP. This NO-cGMP pathway promotes vasodilation, suppresses platelet aggregation and leukocyte adhesion, and restrains vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration, thereby driving anti-inflammatory effects. In inflamed dental pulp, elevated ROS and RNS trigger eNOS uncoupling and oxidize NO-GC, disrupting NO-cGMP signaling, worsening endothelial dysfunction, and reducing dentin–pulp reparative capacity. Therapeutic caries management should account for this dysfunction and consider NO-GC stimulators/activators in pulp capping materials to enhance regeneration and repair.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/no-cgmp-signaling-in-endothelial-function-of-the-healthy-and-inflamed-dental-pulp/462026/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/no-cgmp-signaling-in-endothelial-function-of-the-healthy-and-inflamed-dental-pulp/462026.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Asher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does NO-cGMP signaling regulate endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"NO generated by eNOS activates NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in vascular smooth muscle, increasing cGMP production. cGMP then supports vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What changes in inflamed dental pulp disrupt NO-cGMP signaling?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Inflammation increases ROS and RNS in blood vessels, causing eNOS uncoupling and oxidized NO-GC. This disrupts the NO-cGMP pathway and contributes to endothelial dysfunction.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why should caries therapy consider endothelial dysfunction in the inflamed dental pulp?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Endothelial dysfunction alters cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, lowering the dentin–pulp complex’s regenerative and reparative potential. Considering this dysfunction can improve therapeutic decision-making.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},462026,1791176123,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197207639,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Review  \nNO-cGMP Signaling in Endothelial Function of the Healthy and Inflamed Dental Pulp  \nYüksel Korkmaz *, Tobias Kollmar, Judith F. Schultheis, Pablo Cores Ziskoven , Lena K. Müller-Heupt and James Deschner   \nAcademic Editor: Jin Chung  \nReceived: 31 October 2025  \nRevised: 12 December 2025  \nAccepted: 18 December 2025  \nPublished: 20 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \nDepartment of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany  \n* Correspondence: ykorkmaz@uni-mainz.de  \nAbstract  \nThe intra-and intercellular signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) is produced in endothelial cells by the activity of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) . Upon formation, NO diffuses into the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells, where it activates NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) resulting in the production of cyclic guanosine 3′,5′ -monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine 5′ -triphosphate (GTP) . Inducing vasodilatation, inhibiting platelet aggregation and leukocyte adhesion, and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, the NO-cGMP signaling leads to a number of anti-inflammatory processes. Inflammation-dependent elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in blood vessels of inflamed dental pulp induce an uncoupling of eNOS and oxidized NO-GC, leading to a disruption of NO-cGMP signaling. Endothelial dysfunction in inflamed dental pulp alters cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, reducing the regenerative and reparative potential of the dentin–pulp complex in response to carious lesions. In the therapeutic management of caries, it is essential to consider the presence of endothelial dysfunction in the inflamed dental pulp. The utilization of NO-GC stimulators and activators in indirect and direct pulp capping materials may enhance theregeneration and repair potential of inflamed dental pulp.  \nKeywords: nitric oxide (NO); endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC); cyclic guanosine 3′,5′ -monophosphate (cGMP); healthy dental pulp; caries; inflamed dental pulp; reactive oxygen species (ROS); reactive nitrogen species (RNS); endothelial dysfunction  \n1. Introduction  \nThe dental pulp and dentin form a structural and functional unit called the dentin–pulp complex. The dental pulp is supplied via the terminal arteries and veins through the apical foramen [1–3] . The microcirculation of the dental pulp is responsible for supplying the cells with oxygen, nutrients, and ions, as well as for removing metabolic waste products from the cells of the dentin–pulp complex. In cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, the cells of the dental pulp perform a variety of complex biological functions to maintain homeostasis in the healthy state of the dentin–pulp complex. In the case of inflammation induced by caries, the cells of the dental pulp have the capacity to regulate the process of regeneration and repair in the dentin–pulp complex [4–7] . Thus, the microcirculation in the dentin–pulp complex plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis under physiological conditions, as well as in regenerating and repairing the tissue under inflammatory conditions.  \nUnder physiological conditions, the endothelium is adapted to the unique structure of the dental pulp and is able to respond appropriately to tissue-specific signals according to the needs and functions of the dentin–pulp complex. As the dental pulp is located within a rigid, mineralized extracellular dentin matrix with limited capacity to expand in response to caries-induced inflammation [8–11], this unique structure, which is not found in other organs, highlights the critical role of endothelial function in the dental pu","cbCait6DG94YREEb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait6DG94YREEb","pdf",1274536,36,"English","# Introduction\n## NO-cGMP Signaling in Endothelial Function","[{\"question\":\"How does NO-cGMP signaling regulate endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function?\",\"answer\":\"NO generated by eNOS activates NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in vascular smooth muscle, increasing cGMP production. cGMP then supports vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration.\"},{\"question\":\"What changes in inflamed dental pulp disrupt NO-cGMP signaling?\",\"answer\":\"Inflammation increases ROS and RNS in blood vessels, causing eNOS uncoupling and oxidized NO-GC. This disrupts the NO-cGMP pathway and contributes to endothelial dysfunction.\"},{\"question\":\"Why should caries therapy consider endothelial dysfunction in the inflamed dental pulp?\",\"answer\":\"Endothelial dysfunction alters cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, lowering the dentin–pulp complex’s regenerative and reparative potential. Considering this dysfunction can improve therapeutic decision-making.\"}]","NO-cGMP Signaling in Endothelial Function of the Healthy and Inflamed Dental Pulp | PDF",1790763077,91]