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No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Portions ofthis work were previously published. Printed in the United States of America.  \nScience Session 1  \nDIRECTIONS  \nRead each question carefully. For each multiple-choice question, decide which is the best answer and be sure to mark your answer  \nin your answer document. For each open-ended item, be sure to write your answer in the lined box provided in your answer document. Only answers and work written inside the answer boxes will be scored.  \nThis question has two parts. Be sure to answer both parts of the question.  \n1. At a planetarium, Amy learns that Venus and Earth are sometimes called sister planets. To understand why, she begins to gather data on the planets. Some of the data on Venus are from observations that scientists made from Earth. Other data are from observations made by spacecraft sent to Venus beginning in the 1960s.  \nAmy decides to put the data into two tables, based on the source of the observations about Venus.  \nEarth-Based Observations  \n\n| Data | Venus | Earth |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Distance from Sun (108 km) | 1.1 | 1.5 |\n| Diameter (km) | 12,100 | 12,700 |\n| Mass (1024 kg) | 4.9 | 6.0 |\n| Density\u003Cbr>(g/cm3) | 5.2 | 5.5 |\n| Surface gravity (m/s2) | 8.9 | 9.8 |\n\nSpace-Based Observations  \n\n| Data | Venus | Earth |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Daily surface temperature (°C) | 465 | 10–20 |\n| Atmosphere | • 96.5% carbon dioxide\u003Cbr>• 3.5% nitrogen | • 78% nitrogen • 21% oxygen |\n| Liquid water\u003Cbr>on surface | none | 70% covered by oceans 4 km deep |\n| Internal\u003Cbr>structure | • Core diameter 6,000 km • Mantle 3,000 km thick\u003Cbr>• Crust 10–20 km thick | • Core diameter 4,700 km • Mantle 2,900 km thick\u003Cbr>• Crust 5–30 km thick |\n\n1 GOON   \nSESSION  \n1  \nSESSION  \n1  \nPart a  \nWhich data are evidence that Earth and Venus are similar enough to be called sister planets?  \nA diameter and density  \nB mass and surface water  \nC atmosphere and internal structure D surface gravity and daily surface temperature  \nPart b  \nWhich statement describes a reason that the differences between Earth and Venus have only been discovered since the 1960s?  \nA The differences can only be observed from distances close to Venus. B The differences have developed since space-based observations began. C The differences result from changes in the way the spacecraft collect data.  \nD The differences are caused by processes that recently began to occur on Venus.  \n2 GOON   \nThis question has two parts. Be sure to answer both parts of the question.  \n2. Elaine is researching the characteristics of sound waves as she listens to music. She finds a diagram that shows two sound waves.  \nSound Waves  \n4  \n2  \n–2  \n–4  \nAmp l itude (mm)  \n0 5 10 15 20  \nTime (milliseconds)  \n\n| Key |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | Wave 1\u003Cbr>Wave 2 |\n\nPart a  \nWhich statement describes the sound waves in the diagram? A Wave 1 has one-fourth the energy of Wave 2.  \nB Wave 1 has one-half the energy of Wave 2.  \nC Wave 1 has twice the energy of Wave 2.  \nD Wave 1 has four times the energy of Wave 2.  \n3 GOON   \nSESSION  \n1  \nSESSION  \n1  \nPart b  \nElaine predicts that the energy in each sound wave would double if the frequency of the wave doubled.  \nWhich statement describes her prediction?  \nA Her prediction is correct because the energy of a wave is proportional to the wave’s frequency.  \nB Her prediction is incorrect because the energy of a wave is proportional to the square of the wave’s frequency.  \nC Her prediction is correct because the energy of a wave is proportional to speed and a wave with twice the frequency has twice the speed.  \nD Her prediction is incorrect becau","cbCainK4RIvLcCnz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainK4RIvLcCnz","pdf",4378912,"English","# Directions\n## Multiple-choice and two-part science questions\n## Evidence and reasoning in provided data tables and diagrams","[{\"question\":\"How should students respond to multiple-choice and open-ended questions?\",\"answer\":\"Students should decide the best answer for each multiple-choice question and mark it in the answer document. For open-ended items, answers must be written in the lined box provided in the answer document because only work inside the answer boxes will be scored.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the focus of Question 1 about sister planets?\",\"answer\":\"Question 1 asks which data provide evidence that Earth and Venus are similar enough to be called sister planets, and which statement explains why differences were discovered only since the 1960s based on sources of observations.\"},{\"question\":\"What science topics are covered besides sister planets?\",\"answer\":\"The test includes sound-wave energy and frequency prediction using a diagram, and a genetics/ecology scenario about tomcod fish populations and the mutation that prevents PCB from entering cells.\"}]","NM-ASR - Practice Test Grade 8 | PDF",1790731694,126]