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Apoptosis supports cellular homeostasis but is paradoxically pivotal in CRC progression: tumor cells evade apoptosis to survive, obtain nutrients, and sustain growth. Neovascularization is essential for tumor expansion. NF-κB signaling regulates angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and its dysregulation promotes CRC progression. This review evaluates NF-κB’s role in apoptosis and discusses natural and synthetic NF-κB-targeting compounds as potential therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/nf-b-and-apoptosis-colorectal-cancer-progression-and-novel-strategies-for-treatment/372536/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/nf-b-and-apoptosis-colorectal-cancer-progression-and-novel-strategies-for-treatment/372536.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Đào","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":56},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is apoptosis important in colorectal cancer progression?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Apoptosis eliminates damaged cells and maintains homeostasis, but cancer cells can evade apoptosis, allowing them to survive, access nutrients, and support tumor growth.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What role does NF-κB signaling play in colorectal cancer?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"NF-κB signaling is a key regulator of processes such as angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and dysregulation of this pathway contributes to CRC progression.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What therapeutic approach does the review emphasize for treating colorectal cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Targeting the NF-κB pathway with natural and synthetic compounds is highlighted as a strategy to modulate CRC progression and improve patient outcomes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},372536,1790379564,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":56,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},1374402968488,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Sadati etal. European Journal  \nEuropean Journal of Medical Research (2025) 30:616  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02734-w](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02734-w of Medical Research)[ of Medical Research](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02734-w of Medical Research)  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nNF-κB and apoptosis: colorectal cancer  \nprogression and novel strategies for treatment  \nSina Sadati1, Amirreza Khalaji2,3, Ali Bonyad4, Sara Khoshdooz4, Kosar Sadat Hosseini Kolbadi5, Ashkan Bahrami 1, Mohammad Saeid Moeinfar 1, Mohammadmatin Morshedi9, Amireza Ghamsaraian1, Majid Eterafi6,  \nReza Eshraghi1*, Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady7,8* and Hamed Mirzaei8*  \nAbstract  \nColorectal cancer (CRC), the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, presents a significant burden in terms  \nof both mortality and morbidity. The development of CRC is a complex process, driven by a combination of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations that disrupt normal cellular functions. These changes influence a range of cancer-regulating mechanisms, including metabolism, cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Apoptosis, a crucial process in maintaining cellular homeostasis, plays a paradoxical role in CRC progression. While it helps eliminate damaged cells, the evasion of apoptosis allows cancer cells to thrive, gain nutrients, and avoid metabolic waste accumulation, thereby facilitating tumor growth. Additionally, the process of neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for tumor sustenance and expansion. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway is a key regulator involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis, tumor migration, cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Dysregulation of NF-κB activity is implicated in the progression of CRC. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of NF-κB signaling in CRC, particularly its involvement in apoptosis. Moreover, it explores the therapeutic potential of targeting the NF-κB pathway with natural and synthetic compounds, highlighting their ability to modulate CRC progression and improve patient outcomes. These insights underscore the potential of NF-κB inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in CRC management.  \nKeywords NF-κB, Apoptosis, Colorectal cancer  \n*Correspondence:  \nReza Eshraghi[eshraghi. rza@gmail.com](eshraghi. rza@gmail.com)[ ](eshraghi. rza@gmail.com)Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady [mkhaksarymahabady@gmail.com](mkhaksarymahabady@gmail.com)[ ](mkhaksarymahabady@gmail.com)Hamed Mirzaei[h.mirzaei2002@gmail.com](h.mirzaei2002@gmail.com)  \n1 Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran  \n2 Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran  \n3 Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran  \n4 Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran  \n5 Faculty of Medicine, Lran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran  \n6 Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran  \n7 Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran  \n8 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran  \n9 Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, 14778-93855 Tehran, Iran  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and ","cbCaik3PsgutVGSP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik3PsgutVGSP","pdf",1304490,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is apoptosis important in colorectal cancer progression?\",\"answer\":\"Apoptosis eliminates damaged cells and maintains homeostasis, but cancer cells can evade apoptosis, allowing them to survive, access nutrients, and support tumor growth.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does NF-κB signaling play in colorectal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"NF-κB signaling is a key regulator of processes such as angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and dysregulation of this pathway contributes to CRC progression.\"},{\"question\":\"What therapeutic approach does the review emphasize for treating colorectal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Targeting the NF-κB pathway with natural and synthetic compounds is highlighted as a strategy to modulate CRC progression and improve patient outcomes.\"}]","NF-κB and apoptosis - Colorectal cancer progression and novel strategies for treatment | PDF",1790194765]