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This review outlines progress in methods such as narrow band imaging, fluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography, showing promise in early lesion detection. Biomarker detection in saliva and targeted nanoparticles enhance early diagnosis, while machine learning improves diagnostic accuracy. However, clinical validation and large-scale studies are needed for widespread adoption.  \nKeywords: Diagnosis, liquid biopsy, narrow band imaging, oral cancer,  \nscreening   \nIntroduction  \nIn the oral cavity, which includes the lips, tongue,  \ngums, buccal mucosa, palate, and floor of the mouth, as well as the pharynx and larynx, there are malignant or cancerous cells. This condition is referred to as oral malignancy, commonly known as oral cancer.[1] The majority of oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which originate from the squamous cells lining the oral cavity.  \nSmoking tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or smokeless tobacco considerably raises the chance of developing mouth cancer.[2] Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 causes oral malignancy, especially in the oropharynx.[3] Prolonged alcohol consumption is a risk factor. Prolonged exposure to the sun without protection can increase the risk of lip cancer.[4]  \nCommon signs and symptoms of oral malignancy include persistent mouth sores or ulcers and red or white patches on the tongue, gums, or lining of the mouth. There is unexplained bleeding or pain in the mouth and difficulty in swallowing or speaking, hoarseness, or changes in the voice.[5]  \nEarly detection and treatment greatly increase the likelihood of positive results and long-term survival.[6]  \nOral cancer screening is a process of checking the tissues around the mouth cavity for indications of oral cancer or potentially malignant disorders. It is an  \n\n| Access this article online |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Quick Response Code:\u003Cbr>| Website: [https://journals.lww.com/jpbs](https://journals.lww.com/jpbs) |\n|  | DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1179_23 |\n\nimportant component of regular dental examinationsand plays a vital role in early detection, which is crucial for successful treatment outcomes. Early detection allows for timely intervention and increases the chances of effective treatment, potentially saving lives. [7] During an oral cancer screening, a dentist or oral healthcare provider will perform a comprehensive examination of the oral cavity. They will look for visible abnormalities, such as red or white patches, sores, lumps, or changes in the texture or color of the tissues. [8]  \nRecent Advances  \nAdvancements in technology have led to the development of newer methods for oral cancer screening. Here are a few notable techniques:  \nVELscope  \nThe VELscope system uses a special blue light to detect abnormalities in the oral tissues. It helps visualize changes in the natural fluorescence of the tissues, allowing dentists to identify potentially cancerous or pre-cancerous lesions that may not be visible to the naked eye.[9]  \nAddress for correspondence: Dr. Pallavi Mishra,  \nKalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kiit Deemed to be University, Campus‑5, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751 024, Odisha, India.  \nE‑mail: [drpallavimishra1988@gmail.com](drpallavimishra1988@gmail.com)  \nThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work n","cbCaisYN2d44YxT7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisYN2d44YxT7","pdf",433214,"English","# Introduction\n# Recent Advances\n## VELscope\n## Brush biopsy\n## Oral Brush Cytology\n## Optical Coherence Tomography","[{\"question\":\"How do biomarker and machine learning approaches improve diagnosis?\",\"answer\":\"Biomarkers in saliva, including targeted nanoparticle strategies, support early diagnosis. Machine learning further improves diagnostic accuracy, though large-scale clinical validation is still needed.\"}]","New Horizons and Prospects in Oral Cancer Detection - Review Article | PDF",1790030753,13]