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The preface traces the field from the Parma discovery of visuomotor mirror neurons and early findings on stimulus properties, to newer results showing that spatial location, action context, and the subjective value of observed actions can modulate or determine neural responses. It also highlights links between mirror premotor neurons and descending cortical pathways, fMRI-based homologies, and the experimental tools—EEG, magnetoencephalography, and fMRI—used to map the action-execution/action-observation network and its interpretive limits.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/new-frontiers-in-mirror-neurons-research-preface-preface/232771/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/new-frontiers-in-mirror-neurons-research-preface-preface/232771.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-10",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What did researchers discover in Parma that launched mirror neuron research?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Researchers discovered visuomotor mirror neurons in the monkey brain in Parma, whose activity later proved influential across neuroscience and beyond.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What factors can modulate mirror neuron responses in newer studies?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Newer research shows that mirror responses depend on factors including spatial location in space, the context of the observed action, and even the subjective value of that action.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do fMRI and other imaging techniques contribute, and what limitations are noted?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Imaging techniques like EEG, magnetoencephalography, and fMRI help identify key nodes of the action-execution/action-observation circuit, but the text emphasizes limitations when results are used for cognitive interpretation beyond function localization.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},232771,1789073584,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","New Frontiers in Mirror Neurons Research  \nNew Frontiersin Mirror Neurons Research  \nEdited by  \nPier Francesco Ferrari and Giacomo Rizzolatti  \n1  \n1  \nGreat Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom  \nOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries  \n© Oxford University Press 2015  \nThe moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2015  \nImpression: 1  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above  \nYou must not circulate this work in any other form  \nand you must impose this same condition on any acquirer  \nPublished in the United States of America by Oxford University Press  \n198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available  \nLibrary of Congress Control Number: 2015944568 ISBN 978–0–19–968615–5  \nPrinted in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd  \nOxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breast-feeding  \nLinks to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.  \nPreface  \nWhen, more than 20 years ago, a group of researchers working in Parma discovered a distinct set of visuomotor neurons in the monkey brain—the mirror neurons—nobody could have imagined the impact that this discovery would have, not only on neuroscience but also on psychology, ethology, sociology, and even philosophy.  \nThe early studies on mirror neurons were mainly focused on determining which stimuli were most appropriate for triggering the neurons and on the relationships between the observed and executed actions. Already in these studies, it was reported that mirror neurons could be modulated by factors such as the direction of the observed action or its spatial location. Yet these aspects were not investigated in detail. A series of recent studies, performed in a collaboration between Parma and Tübingen researchers, have revealed amuch more complex picture, showing in particular that location in space (see Chapter 18), context, and even the subjective value of the observed actions are important factors for modulating or even determining the mirror neuron responses.  \nAnother feature that has emerged from recent neurophysiological studies is the link between the mirror premotor neurons and the cortical descending pathways originating from F5 and even F1 (primary motor cortex). Chapters 2, 13, and 18 discuss these data and present theoretical interpretations of these findings. A fundamental aspect of these new findings is that they indicate that action recognition depends not only on the activity of parieto-premotor circuits but also on the a","cbCailw8PJQoiJdX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailw8PJQoiJdX","pdf",1325393,43,"English","# Preface\n## Mirror neuron discovery and early stimulus studies\n## Modulation by spatial location, context, and value\n## Links to cortical descending pathways and action recognition\n## fMRI evidence and human–monkey homologies\n## Human mirror mechanisms and imaging limitations","[{\"question\":\"What did researchers discover in Parma that launched mirror neuron research?\",\"answer\":\"Researchers discovered visuomotor mirror neurons in the monkey brain in Parma, whose activity later proved influential across neuroscience and beyond.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors can modulate mirror neuron responses in newer studies?\",\"answer\":\"Newer research shows that mirror responses depend on factors including spatial location in space, the context of the observed action, and even the subjective value of that action.\"},{\"question\":\"How do fMRI and other imaging techniques contribute, and what limitations are noted?\",\"answer\":\"Imaging techniques like EEG, magnetoencephalography, and fMRI help identify key nodes of the action-execution/action-observation circuit, but the text emphasizes limitations when results are used for cognitive interpretation beyond function localization.\"}]","New Frontiers in Mirror Neurons Research - Preface - Preface | PDF",108]