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Results showed significantly elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 in IOI tear fluid, with ROC AUC values around 0.73–0.74 and overexpression in orbital tissues, while plasma levels remained 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was the main objective of the study on IOI?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The study aimed to characterize tear cytokine profiles in idiopathic orbital inflammation and analyze expression changes of cytokines in blood and involved tissues.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"How were IL-8 and MCP-1 evaluated in the study?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"IL-8 and MCP-1 were measured in tear fluid using multiplex bead immunoassay, and assessed in blood and orbital tissues using ELISA and immunohistochemistry.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Which findings supported IL-8 and MCP-1 as potential biomarkers?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The study found significantly elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 levels in IOI tear fluid, ROC AUC values of approximately 0.73–0.74, and overexpression in orbital tissues, while plasma levels in the IOI group paralleled 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[https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/4175012](https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/4175012)  \nResearch Article  \nNew Clues to the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic  \nOrbital Inflammation: Elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 in Tear Fluid  \nJingqiao Chen , 1 Wei Xiao,2 Huijing Ye ,2 Zhihui Xu ,2 Rongxin Chen ,2 and Huasheng Yang 2  \n1 Department of Ophthalmology, Te Second Afliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China  \n2 State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,  \nGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence should be addressed to Huasheng Yang; [yanghuasheng@gzzoc.com](yanghuasheng@gzzoc.com)  \nReceived 22 April 2025; Revised 23 September 2025; Accepted 17 November 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Vicente Zanon-Moreno  \nCopyright © 2025 Jingqiao Chen et al. Journal of Ophthalmology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Tis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nObjectives: To characterize tear cytokine profles in patients with idiopathic orbital infammation (IOI) and analyze the expression of altered cytokines in blood and involved tissues.  \nMethods: Tis case-control study enrolled 18 IOI patients and 11 age-/sex-matched controls. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), corneal fuorescent staining, tear flm breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, and other clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained from all participants. Concentrations of cytokines in tear fuid, blood, and tissues were determined using a multiplex bead immunoassay system, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry.  \nResults: Signifcantly elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (both p \u003C 0.05) were found in IOI tear fuid. Te area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.73 and 0.74 for IL-8 and MCP-1, respectively. IL-8 and MCP-1 were overexpressed in orbital tissues from patients with IOI, while the plasma levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in the IOI group were parallel to the control group.  \nConclusions: Te dysregulation of tear cytokine profles provides a new insight into the potential immunologic mechanism for IOI. Te elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 may represent candidate biomarkers of IOI.  \nKeywords: biomarker; cytokine; idiopathic orbital infammation; tear fuid  \n1. Introduction  \nIdiopathic orbital infammation (IOI), previously known as  \nidiopathic orbital infammatory pseudotumor (IOIP), is a fbroinfammatory disease characterized by infammation of orbit and space-occupying efects [1] . IOI can be classifed into anterior, posterior, myositic, lacrimal, and difuse based on the location of involvement [2] . Prompt diagnosis is vital to IOI management and prognosis; otherwise, untimely treatment may result in destructive fbrosis with blindness [3] . IOI is a diagnosis of exclusion, as the precise pathogenesis has not been verifed. Te refractory and recurrent nature ofIOI suggests a complex molecular process, and the  \ninfammatory microenvironment leading to immune system dysregulation constitutes the mainstay of IOI pathogenesis [4] . Previous study has identifed localized cytokine dysregulation in orbital tissues [5]; however, the molecular mechanism and diagnostic strategy of IOI still deserve further exploration.  \nTe diagnosis of IOI mainly relies on invasive procedures such as tissue biopsy [6] . Noninvasive markers, such as cytokines in tears, ofer a promising alternative. Tear fuid is advantageous as a novel marker because of its ease of collection and potential to refect local infammation. Tear cytokines have been reported in orbital disease, such as thyroid-associated ophthalmology (TAO) and extranodal  \n2 Journal of Ophthalmology  \nmarginal zone B-cell lymphoma of ocular adnexa [7, 8","cbCaihNUfZuvsrQF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihNUfZuvsrQF","pdf",873851,"English","# Objectives\n# Methods\n## Participant enrollment and specimen collection\n## Cytokine measurement and clinical assessments\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Keywords","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study on IOI?\",\"answer\":\"The study aimed to characterize tear cytokine profiles in idiopathic orbital inflammation and analyze expression changes of cytokines in blood and involved tissues.\"},{\"question\":\"How were IL-8 and MCP-1 evaluated in the study?\",\"answer\":\"IL-8 and MCP-1 were measured in tear fluid using multiplex bead immunoassay, and assessed in blood and orbital tissues using ELISA and immunohistochemistry.\"},{\"question\":\"Which findings supported IL-8 and MCP-1 as potential biomarkers?\",\"answer\":\"The study found significantly elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 levels in IOI tear fluid, ROC AUC values of approximately 0.73–0.74, and overexpression in orbital tissues, while plasma levels in the IOI group paralleled controls.\"}]","New Clues to the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation: Elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 in Tear Fluid | PDF",1790683301,18]