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AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT  \nENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA  \n# A STANDARD WORK OF REFERENCE IN\n\nART,LITERATURE,SCIENCE,HISTORY,GEOGRAPHY,COMMERCE,BIOGRAPHY,DISCOVERYAND INVENTION  \nEDITED UNDER THE PERSONAL SUPERVISION OF  \nDAY OTIS KELLOGG,D.D.  \nFozmerly Professor of English Literature and History,Kansas .Slate U'niversity,etc.,etcASSISTED BY A CORPS OF EXPERIENCED WRITERS  \nENRICHED BY MANY HUNDRED SPECIAL ARTICLES CONTRIBUTED BY MEN ANDWOMEN OF INTERNATIONAL REPUTATION  \nTIlustrateo witb over Jffteen Tbnnoreo Dortrats ano Otber Engravfngs  \nTwENTIETH CENTURY EDITION  \nREVISED,WVITH LARGE ADDITIONS,TO JANUARY 1,1901  \nIN FIVE VOLUMESVOLUME XXV  \nTHE WERNER COMPANYNEW YORK     AKRON,OHIOCHICAGO  \nCOPYRIGHT,1897  \nBY  \nTHE WERNER COMPANY  \n—  ——  \nCOPYRIGHT,I900  \nTHE WERNER COMPANY  \n—  ——  \nCOPYRIGHT,1901  \nTHE WERNER COMPANY  \n# PUBLISHERS'PREFACE.\n\nEVERY encyclopædia has to confront,from the start,questions of plan and arrangement,involving the best method of putting its information before readers so that it shall render them thebest service.There are but two expedients that have had any practical consideration;one maybe called the library and the other the dictionary plan.  \nThe dictionary plan consists in entering,for convenience in consultation,as many titles ofarticles as possible,and defining them as sententiously as possible.A book so made is essentially alexicon,or glossary of terms,and nowadays we have come to have a class of dictionaries which,because of their definition of all sorts of technical,trade and patented terms,are,as they callthemselves,encyclopædic.But a true encyclopædia is far more than a word-book.A word-bookbreaks all arts,sciences,philosophies,mechanisms and history into adjectives and nouns,anddefines each separately.The difference is immense.For example,a man who knows all about aship may be content with dictionary definitions of keels,stems,booms,strakes,etc.,but the lands-man has no acquaintance with these terms until he can turn to some account of ship-building,wherehe finds them used in a context that gives them intelligibility.Until he reads in this manner hedoes not even know the terms he needs to have defined.Now,an encyclopædia deals with eventsand things,rather than with words,and is therefore at once more elementary,as it is also moreexhaustive and complete,than a dictionary.It is to help those who do not know what details orterms to look for.It is to explain processes,sequences,relations;and so the encyclopædia has afunction far different from that which a dictionary can take up.The latter helps one to a readyunderstanding of what he has encountered in the world;the former takes him into new fields,andacquaints him with things he has not met with or anticipated.  \nUndoubtedly,the earliest design of an encyelopædia was to furnish students with a cheap,compact and universal library.At frst,books were so expensive that students were unable tobuy the special histories,commentaries and treatises published.The situation was not alteredwhen books became cheaper;for industries and sciences and researches were multiplied andsubdivided still faster.The encyelopæedia then came,and offered,in a compendious way,thecontents of thousands of volumes.It also grew rapidly in bulk,until,finally,the largest reference-book in the history of English literature appears in our thirty-volume edition of the EnCYCLOPED1ABRITANNICA.It contains nearly 12,00,0oo more words than the most voluminous encyclopædicEnglish dictionary extant,and thus illustrates the impossibility of taking into even an elaboratelexicon the historical,biographical,geographical,and statistical features of an encyelopædia.  \nTHE EnCVcLOPEDIA BRITANNICA was first published in 177I.Its proprietors announced it ason a new plan,the different sciences and arts being\"digested into treatises and systems.\"It wasa distinct adoption of the library plan,and it has been adhered to in all subsequent editions.Theresult is,'that the edition here announced contain","cbCaifIsVVudJcLD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifIsVVudJcLD","pdf",61380898,686,"English","# Publishers' Preface\n## Library plan versus dictionary plan\n## Purpose and scope of an encyclopedia\n## Historical development and editions\n## Strengths and weaknesses of the system\n## Treatises, systems, and organization","[{\"question\":\"What is the main difference between the dictionary plan and the encyclopedia plan?\",\"answer\":\"A dictionary plan defines terms for quick consultation, while a true encyclopedia presents events and things. It explains processes, sequences, and relations so readers can understand topics in context, not only isolated words.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did encyclopedias become increasingly important over time?\",\"answer\":\"As books remained expensive for students and, later, as industries, sciences, and research multiplied and subdivided, encyclopedias offered a compact way to gather thousands of volumes into a single reference work.\"},{\"question\":\"What strengths and weaknesses does the library system have?\",\"answer\":\"Its strength lies in drawing on higher and more critical scholarship, including testimony from scholars worldwide. Its weakness is increased difficulty in referring to particular details or topics within the large, library-like structure.\"}]","NEW AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT - ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA - THE WERNER COMPANY - PUBLISHERS' PREFACE | PDF",1792697081,1729]