[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-440977-105":59,"doc-detail-440977-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","neutrophil-extracellular-traps-associated-with-severity-and-prognosis-of-community-acquired-pneumonia","Neutrophil extracellular traps associated with severity and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia","","This study verifies whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) relate to respiratory tract infection severity and supports prediction of outcomes in severe cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from RTI patients underwent RNA sequencing, and weighted graph co-expression network analysis linked gene modules to clinical features. A prognostic model was built using LASSO regression, with IL-8 quantified by ELISA and gene expression assessed by qRT-PCR. Among 120 patients, early pneumonia and sepsis showed enhanced NET formation, and IL-8 correlated strongly with NET activity. The two-gene signature (PADI4-CD177) achieved an AUC of 0.917 for severe CAP prognosis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/neutrophil-extracellular-traps-associated-with-severity-and-prognosis-of-community-acquired-pneumonia/440977/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/neutrophil-extracellular-traps-associated-with-severity-and-prognosis-of-community-acquired-pneumonia/440977.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What question does the study address about NETs?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study evaluates whether neutrophil extracellular traps are associated with RTI severity and whether NET-related markers can support prognosis prediction for severe community-acquired pneumonia.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the patients and samples analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from RTI patients were processed for RNA sequencing, and weighted graph co-expression network analysis was used to connect gene modules with clinical features. IL-8 levels were measured in plasma by ELISA, and gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What prognostic model and performance did the study report?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A LASSO-based prognostic model was established, and the best-performing severe CAP signature used two genes (PADI4-CD177). The reported AUC was 0.917, indicating strong predictive performance.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},440977,1790740419,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","Clinical and Experimental Medicine (2026) 26:76  \n[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-02021-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-02021-2)  \nRESEARCH  \nNeutrophil extracellular traps associated with severity and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia  \nYaqi Wang1,5 · Huaiya Xie1,5 · Luo Wang1,5 · Junping Fan1,5 · Ying Zhang2,5 · Siqi Pan1,5 · Qiaoling Chen1,5 ·  \nWangji Zhou1,5 · Xueqi Liu1,5 · Aohua Wu1,5 · Hong Zhang1,5 · Lan Song3 · Jihai Liu4 · Jinglan Wang1,5 · Xinlun Tian1,5,6  \nReceived: 7 October 2025 / Accepted: 20 December 2025 © The Author(s) 2025  \nAbstract  \nThis study aimed to verify whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was related to the severity of respiratory tract infections (RTI) and establish a prognostic model for severe respiratory infections. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from RTI patients for RNA sequencing. Weighted Graph Co-expression Network Analysis was performed to identify gene modules and analyze the correlation between gene modules and clinical features. The prognostic model was established by LASSO regression. The concentration of IL-8 in plasma was measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . The gene expression levels in PBMC were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) . In total, 120 patients with RTIs were enrolled between July 2022 and March 2024. Enrichment analysis showed that NETs formation was enhanced during the early stages of pneumonia and sepsis. IL-8 had the strongest correlation with NETs formation, and the concentration of IL-8 in the plasma of patients with sepsis was significantly higher than that in patients with pneumonia and healthy controls (p\u003C 0.001) . NET-related genes were positively correlated with the SOFA score and 7-category ordinal scale. The expression level of MPO and PADI4 in sepsis patients were higher than that in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) alone and healthy controls. The AUC of the prognostic prediction model for severe CAP composed of two genes (PADI4-CD177) showed the best performance, with an AUC of 0.917. This study confirmed that NETs formation was activated in RTI and the 2-gene signature provided a rapid and highly accurate biomarker for predicting the prognosis of severe CAP, which awaits further verification in a prospective cohort.  \nKeywords Transcriptome · Community-acquired pneumonia · Sepsis · Neutrophil extracellular traps  \nYaqi Wang and Huaiya Xie contributed equally to this work.  \n􀀍 Xinlun Tian [tianxl@pumch.cn](tianxl@pumch.cn)  \n1 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China  \n2 International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China  \n3 Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China  \n4 Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China  \n5 State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China  \n6 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China  \n1 3  \nAbbreviations  \nNETs  \nRTI  \nPBMC  \nCAP  \nARDS  \nCRP  \nMPO  \nCOVID-19  \nSARS-CoV-2  \nBALF  \nELISA  \nPUMCH  \nURTI  \nNP  \nDEGs  \nGO  \nKEGG  \nGSEA  \nIL-6  \nIL-1  \nIL-8/CXCL8 ssGSEA  \nWGCNA  \nPPI  \nBC  \nLASSO  \nVI  \nNVI  \nWBC  \nVP  \nNVP  \nCo-P  \nVS  \nNVS  \nCo-S  \nNeutrophil extracellular traps Respiratory tract infections Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Community-acquired pneumonia Acute respiratory distress syndrome C-reactive protein My","cbCaip6fgrAQQoZ1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaip6fgrAQQoZ1","pdf",2194949,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Rationale and clinical need for biomarkers\n## Role of neutrophils and NETs","[{\"question\":\"What question does the study address about NETs?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluates whether neutrophil extracellular traps are associated with RTI severity and whether NET-related markers can support prognosis prediction for severe community-acquired pneumonia.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the patients and samples analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from RTI patients were processed for RNA sequencing, and weighted graph co-expression network analysis was used to connect gene modules with clinical features. IL-8 levels were measured in plasma by ELISA, and gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR.\"},{\"question\":\"What prognostic model and performance did the study report?\",\"answer\":\"A LASSO-based prognostic model was established, and the best-performing severe CAP signature used two genes (PADI4-CD177). The reported AUC was 0.917, indicating strong predictive performance.\"}]","Neutrophil extracellular traps associated with severity and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia | PDF",1790694149,35]