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The review details how NRP1 influences tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes through effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, alongside crosstalk with VEGF, semaphorins, and TGF-β that shapes the tumor microenvironment. NRP1 expression is linked to poor prognosis and supports its value as a prognostic biomarker. Targeting NRP1 is discussed as a promising therapeutic strategy using monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, and gene-silencing approaches, while emphasizing remaining issues in specificity, delivery, and future mechanistic work.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/neuropilin-1-a-multifaceted-target-for-cancer-therapy-review/365318/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/neuropilin-1-a-multifaceted-target-for-cancer-therapy-review/365318.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"\tJames","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What biological roles does Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) play in cancer?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"NRP1 affects tumor progression by influencing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. It also modulates angiogenesis and survival-related pathways through interactions with key ligands.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"Which signaling pathways and ligands are associated with NRP1 in tumor biology?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"NRP1 interacts with VEGF, semaphorins, and TGF-β, which regulate multiple signaling pathways tied to oncogenesis and the tumor microenvironment.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How can NRP1 be targeted therapeutically?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Therapeutic targeting strategies include monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and gene silencing or peptide-based approaches designed to disrupt NRP1 interactions with ligands and co-receptors.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},365318,1790195451,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336474466412,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Review  \nNeuropilin-1: A Multifaceted Target for Cancer Therapy  \nSai Manasa Varanasi †, Yash Gulani †, Hari Krishnareddy Rachamala, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay * and Ramcharan Singh Angom *   \nReceived: 2 January 2025  \nRevised: 10 March 2025  \nAccepted: 23 March 2025  \nPublished: 31 March 2025  \nCitation: Varanasi, S.M.; Gulani, Y.; Rachamala, H.K.; Mukhopadhyay, D.; Angom, R.S. Neuropilin-1: A Multifaceted Target for Cancer Therapy. Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32, 203 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)curroncol32040203  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;  \n[varanasi.saimanasa@mayo.edu](varanasi.saimanasa@mayo.edu) (S.M.V.); [yashgulani1@gmail.com](yashgulani1@gmail.com) (Y.G.); [rachamala.hari@mayo.edu](rachamala.hari@mayo.edu) (H.K.R.)  \n* [Correspondence: mukhopadhyay.debabrata@mayo.edu](Correspondence: mukhopadhyay.debabrata@mayo.edu) (D.M.); [angom.ramcharan@mayo.edu](angom.ramcharan@mayo.edu) (R.S.A.)† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), initially identified as a neuronal guidance protein, has emerged as a multifaceted regulator in cancer biology. Beyond its role in axonal guidance and angiogenesis, NRP1 is increasingly recognized for its significant impact on tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. This review explores the diverse functions of NRP1 in cancer, encompassing its influence on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. NRP1 interacts with several key signaling pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), semaphorins, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), modulating the tumor microenvironment and promoting angiogenesis. Moreover, NRP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in various malignancies, underscoring its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Therapeutically, targeting NRP1 holds promise asa novel strategy to inhibit tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of regular treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Strategies involving NRP1-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and gene silencing techniques, are being actively investigated in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite challenges in specificity and delivery, advances in understanding NRP1 biology offer new avenues for personalized cancer therapy. Although several types of cancer cells can express NRPs, the role of NRPs in tumor pathogenesis is largely unknown. Future investigations are needed to enhance our understanding of the effects and mechanisms of NRPs on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of neuronal, endothelial, and cancer cells. The novel frameworks or multi-omics approaches integrate data from multiple databases to better understand cancer’s molecular and clinical features, develop personalized therapies, and help identify biomarkers. This review highlights the pivotal role of NRP1 in cancer pathogenesis and discusses its implications for developing targeted therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes, highlighting the role of OMICS in targeting cancer patients for personalized therapy.  \nKeywords: neuropilins; semaphorins; VEGFA; tumor biology; cancer therapy; cancer stem cells; immunotherapy; transcriptomics; OMICS  \n1. Introduction  \nIn cancer research, the quest for effective therapies often hinges on identifying molecular targets that play pivotal roles in tumor progression and metastasis. One such promising target is Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein that has garnered significant attention recently because of","cbCaieEBAnvc28l0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieEBAnvc28l0","pdf",5033521,35,"English","# Introduction\n## Neuropilin-1 as a molecular target in cancer","[{\"question\":\"What biological roles does Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) play in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"NRP1 affects tumor progression by influencing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. It also modulates angiogenesis and survival-related pathways through interactions with key ligands.\"},{\"question\":\"Which signaling pathways and ligands are associated with NRP1 in tumor biology?\",\"answer\":\"NRP1 interacts with VEGF, semaphorins, and TGF-β, which regulate multiple signaling pathways tied to oncogenesis and the tumor microenvironment.\"},{\"question\":\"How can NRP1 be targeted therapeutically?\",\"answer\":\"Therapeutic targeting strategies include monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and gene silencing or peptide-based approaches designed to disrupt NRP1 interactions with ligands and co-receptors.\"}]","Neuropilin-1: A Multifaceted Target for Cancer Therapy - review | PDF",1790160634,88]