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It highlights the reliance on standardized motor assessments for Criterion A, notes partial use of MABC-2, and critiques limited reporting on team involvement. It also reviews Criterion B measurement via parent interview without the recommended DCD Questionnaire, addresses Criterion C inference, and emphasizes Criterion D through neurological examination and additional testing.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/neurological-diagnoses-in-children-suspected-of-developmental-coordination-disorder-dcd-or-not-dcd-that-is-the-question/439167/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/neurological-diagnoses-in-children-suspected-of-developmental-coordination-disorder-dcd-or-not-dcd-that-is-the-question/439167.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the four DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for developmental coordination disorder described in the text?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text states four criteria: substantially below expectations for age and opportunities (A), persistent interference with daily living activities and school-work (B), early developmental onset (C), and not better explained by other conditions affecting movement or cognition/vision (D).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the commentary evaluate measurement of Criterion A in the Garofalo study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It notes only 62% of the sample received an MABC-2 assessment, typically administered by an occupational or physical therapist, while roles of other rehabilitation team members were not fully described.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What additional diagnoses does the commentary suggest should be considered besides DCD?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The commentary emphasizes the study’s strength in thoroughly assessing Criterion D and states the paper documents potential alternate diagnoses to DCD that should be considered.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},439167,1791451131,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","measures like GMFM) and overall functioning in daily life. Such assumptions and associations were rarely if ever assessed and reported.  \nIn the past two decades, spurred in part by the influence of the ICF, our thinking in the field of childhood disability has expanded, and shifted, to focus on young people's everyday performance of activities important to them in their own environments, with less attention to the quality of that functioning or to changes on scores in standardized measures.4 The imaginative work of Chagas et al. has led to the creation of the briefer Gross Motor Family Report (GM-FR) .5 This validated parent-report measure of everyday gross motor performance in children's environments is built on, and correlates well with, the GMFM-66. What is novel here is that we now are able to capture changes in functioning that matter to children, and to take advantage of the expertise and experience of parents to report these aspects of functioning efficiently.  \nThese comments in no way invalidate the work of Duran et al. They do however lead me to wonder whether the particular value of these reference centiles might best be realized in controlled research studies designed to assess the impact of specific interventions for young people with CP. Of course, in such studies, the additional use of the GM-FR would provide important complementary understanding of the relationship between formal GMFM-66 assessments and changes in the everyday function of the young people with whom we work.  \nDISCLOSURE  \nPR is a co-developer of the several versions of the GMFM, the GMFCS, and the GM-FR, and believes that this experience provides a perspective on the issues addressed in this commentary. It must also be noted that the GM-FR is soon to be available for sale on the CanChild website. PR will receive no proceeds of these sales.  \nDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT  \nNot required.  \nORCID  \nPeter Rosenbaum  [https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5613](https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5613)  \nREFERENCES  \n1. Russell DJ, Wright M, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM. Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) User's Manual. Revised 3rd Edition. London: Mac Keith Press, 2025.  \n2. Duran I, Schafmeyer L, Lentzen B, Spiess K, Keller T, Martakis K, et al. Longitudinal reference centiles for the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2026; 68: 218–26.  \n3. World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning. Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001.  \n4. Chagas PSC, Leite HR. Editorial: Functioning of individuals with cerebral palsy in the 21st century. Front Rehabil Sci. 2023; 4: 1205450.  \n5. MagalhãesEDD, RosenbaumP, Wright M, Wright FV, Pritchard L, Ayupe KMA, et al. Gross Motor Family Report: Refinement and evaluation of psychometric properties. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2025; 67: 254–62.  \n\n| Received: 29 July 2025 | Accepted: 29 July 2025\u003Cbr>DOI: 10. 1111/dmcn.16470\u003Cbr>Neurological diagnoses in children suspected of developmental coordination disorder: DCD or not DCD, that is the question\u003Cbr>Jill G. Zwicker \u003Cbr>Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada\u003Cbr>Funding information\u003Cbr>Canada Research Chairs, Grant/Award Number: 950-233161; BC Children's Hospital, Grant/Award Number: IGAP |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision1 outlines four diagnostic criteria for developmental coordination disorder (DCD): (A) Acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills are substantially below expectations for a child's chronological | age and opportunities for motor skill learning. Difficulties may include ‘clumsy’, slow, or inaccurate motor skill performance. (B) Motor skills deficit significantly and persistently interferes with activities of daily living appropriate for age, and impacts school-work, prevocational and voca","cbCailRia4NSx6pL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailRia4NSx6pL","pdf",89416,"English","# Diagnostic criteria and measurement\n## Criterion A assessment\n## Criterion B assessment\n## Criterion C and Criterion D considerations\n# Discussion of alternative diagnoses and study implications\n# Disclosure and data availability","[{\"question\":\"What are the four DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for developmental coordination disorder described in the text?\",\"answer\":\"The text states four criteria: substantially below expectations for age and opportunities (A), persistent interference with daily living activities and school-work (B), early developmental onset (C), and not better explained by other conditions affecting movement or cognition/vision (D).\"},{\"question\":\"How does the commentary evaluate measurement of Criterion A in the Garofalo study?\",\"answer\":\"It notes only 62% of the sample received an MABC-2 assessment, typically administered by an occupational or physical therapist, while roles of other rehabilitation team members were not fully described.\"},{\"question\":\"What additional diagnoses does the commentary suggest should be considered besides DCD?\",\"answer\":\"The commentary emphasizes the study’s strength in thoroughly assessing Criterion D and states the paper documents potential alternate diagnoses to DCD that should be considered.\"}]","Neurological diagnoses in children suspected of developmental coordination disorder: DCD or not DCD - that is the question | PDF",1790687624]