[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-415620-105":59,"doc-detail-415620-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","neural-orchestration-of-mandibular-development-concise-review","Neural Orchestration of Mandibular Development - Concise review","","The mandible, innervated by the trigeminal nerve and shaped by complex biomechanical factors, is a key model for studying neuro-osseous interactions in crani. However, compared with the appendicular skeleton, research on its neural regulation remains limited. This review consolidates emerging evidence on neural control of mandibular morphogenesis, emphasizing mechanisms distinct from long bones, and outlining neural signaling that guides mandibular osteogenesis and neurovascular patterning for development and repair.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/neural-orchestration-of-mandibular-development-concise-review/415620/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/neural-orchestration-of-mandibular-development-concise-review/415620.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fahsai","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is the mandible important for studying neuro-osseous interactions?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The mandible is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and is influenced by biomechanical factors, making it an important model for interactions between nerves and skeletal development.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the review focus on regarding mandibular morphogenesis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It consolidates evidence on neural regulation mechanisms for mandibular morphogenesis, highlighting how these mechanisms differ from those of long bones.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do nerves contribute to mandibular development and repair?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Peripheral innervation, including autonomic and sensory nerves, regulates mandibular osteogenesis through spatially distinct neurotransmitter signaling. Axon guidance molecules and neurotrophic factors also shape neurovascular patterning and support reparative processes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},415620,1790740425,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},549768702563,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000c4aa63b76e948b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786536092046926083","Concise review  \nNeural Orchestration of Mandibular Development  \nMenghan Zhanga,b, Xiaoxi Wei b, Huichuan Qi b, Bingqian Wang b,c, Min Hub*, Jun Maa*  \na Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China  \nb Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China  \nc Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Shanghai, China  \n| A R T I C L E I N F O | A B S T R A C T |\n| --- | --- |\n| Article history:\u003Cbr>Received 14 August 2025\u003Cbr>Received in revised form\u003Cbr>3 November 2025\u003Cbr>Accepted 14 November 2025\u003Cbr>Available online 12 December 2025 | The mandible, exclusively innervated by the trigeminal nerve and influenced by intricate biomechanical factors, serves as a vital model for studying neuro-osseous interactions incraniofacial development. However, research on its neural regulation is comparatively weak relative to the appendicular skeleton. This review aims to consolidate emerging evidence regarding the neural regulation of mandibular morphogenesis, emphasizing mechanisms that differ from those of long bones, and to highlight its clinical significance. A comprehensive review was conducted across a broad array of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, IEEE Xplore, and the Cochrane Library, without time restriction. The goal was to synthesize current findings on the neuro-bone interplay specific to the mandible. The review identifies that peripheral innervation, involving autonomous and sensory nerves, regulates mandibular osteogenesis via spatially distinct neurotransmitter signalling. Furthermore, axon guidance molecules and neurotrophic factors establish precise neurovascular patterning during development and facilitate reparative processes. The key role of nerve-bone communication in mandible is highlighted. We encourage deeper research into its unique biology to support the development of precise treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders and maxillofacial malformations.\u003Cbr>􀀁 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf ofFDI World Dental Federation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license\u003Cbr>([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)) |\n| Key words:\u003Cbr>Mandibular development Autonomic innervation Sensory innervation Neurotransmitters Neurotrophins |  |\n\nIntroduction  \nThe mandible is the only movable bone in the human craniofacial skeletal system, innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. Emerging fields such as neuromuscular dentistry, neuro-stomatology and stomatopsychology have enhanced our comprehension of mandibular regulation,44,93,139 indicating that its development involves intricate interactions among muscular, articular and neural pathways. Notably, neural dysfunction may be a contributing factor to osseous malformations, especially during development.69,130 Craniofacial malformations and skeletal dysplasias are common comorbidities in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, including Moebius syndrome,82 neurofibromatosis28 and mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly.145  \n* Corresponding authors: Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, No. 1500, Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, China.  \nE-mail addresses: [humin@jlu.edu.cn](humin@jlu.edu.cn) (M. Hu), majun000@jlu. [edu.cn](edu.cn) (J. Ma).  \nJun Ma: [http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-4718](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-4718)  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2025.109317](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2025.109317)  \nIncreasing evidence underscores innervation as a vital regulator of skeletal physiology and pathology. Neural signals directly influence cell fate, angiogenesis and bone metabolism, collaborating with typical genetic variables to orchestrate skeletal development.62,80 Intrabony nerves are well distributed across cortical and trabecular b","cbCaivEjW27uszPf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivEjW27uszPf","pdf",1295118,16,"English","# Introduction\n# Coordinated development of the mandible and its intraosseous nerves\n# Intrinsic mandibular vulnerabilities from dual ossification","[{\"question\":\"Why is the mandible important for studying neuro-osseous interactions?\",\"answer\":\"The mandible is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and is influenced by biomechanical factors, making it an important model for interactions between nerves and skeletal development.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the review focus on regarding mandibular morphogenesis?\",\"answer\":\"It consolidates evidence on neural regulation mechanisms for mandibular morphogenesis, highlighting how these mechanisms differ from those of long bones.\"},{\"question\":\"How do nerves contribute to mandibular development and repair?\",\"answer\":\"Peripheral innervation, including autonomic and sensory nerves, regulates mandibular osteogenesis through spatially distinct neurotransmitter signaling. Axon guidance molecules and neurotrophic factors also shape neurovascular patterning and support reparative processes.\"}]","Neural Orchestration of Mandibular Development - Concise review | PDF",1790602165]